胸廓

Methods］When scoliosis of patients were corrected to a certain degree after three weeks of halo pelvic distraction, the most serious collapsed ribs of concave side of the curve underwent a transverse incision the cross ribs.

［目的］介绍35例重度脊柱侧弯合并严重胸廓塌陷的病例，在颅盆牵引的过程中，同时采用肋骨成形术加水平牵引治疗胸廓塌陷。

［Objective］To sum up the experience of wearing the halo pelvic and level traction costoplasty to treat 35 cases of severe scoliosis combined with collapsed chest.［Methods］When scoliosis of patients were corrected to a certain degree after three weeks of halo pelvic distraction, the most serious collapsed ribs of concave side of the curve underwent a transverse incision the cross ribs. A special rib bender was used to bend the exposed 3 to 6 ribs. The bent ribs were pulled up by double-stranded 10# thick silk which was extended out through the skin and fixed in the upright post of the instrument of Halo pelvic distraction with rubber membranes.［Results］Thirty-three in 35 patients underwent costoplasty.

［目的］介绍35例重度脊柱侧弯合并严重胸廓塌陷的病例，在颅盆牵引的过程中，同时采用肋骨成形术加水平牵引治疗胸廓塌陷［方法］颅盆牵引3周后，脊柱侧弯矫正到定程度时，在侧弯凹侧肋骨塌陷最重的部位，与肋骨交叉作横切口，暴露3～6条肋骨，用特制的肋骨折弯器将肋骨折弯变圆，用10号双股粗丝线将每条肋骨提起，自皮肤穿出通过橡皮膜在颅盆装置的立柱上作牵引。

Results 4 cases were treated by thoracic close drainage as long term treatment; 6 cases were cured with exclusive thoracic close drainage; 123 cases of bronchopleural fistula were treated with decortication or thoracoplasty after their symptoms of ardent fever, cough and expectoration vanished due to drainage ; 23 cases of hronchopleural fistula were treated with thoracic close drainage, cleaning up focus of infectionrestoring fistulae-splanchnic wall decortication and repeated chest drainage ,4 cases were cured and the extent of operation and thoracic deformity in 19 cases were diminished.

结果 4例不能耐受进一步手术者采用闭式引流术作为永久性的治疗；6例单纯引流治愈；123例因支气管胸膜瘘等经引流后高热、咳嗽、咳痰等症状消失，择期行胸膜纤维板剥脱术或胸廓成形术；23例合并支气管胸膜瘘拟行胸廓成形术的患者，经引流、病灶清除-瘘修补-脏层纤维板剥脱术、再引流，4例治愈，19例减小了手术范围及胸廓畸形的程度。

During the years of 1975 and 2005 inclusive,78 cases of postoperative empyema with pulmonary tuberculosis were treated by thoracoplasty.

本院在过去的30多年内共进行了347例胸膜内胸廓成型术治疗肺结核引发的脓胸，其中有78例为肺结核术后脓胸。

Thoracic deformity, such as more serious, especially the funnel chest, the chest cavity of the organ heart, lung subject to different degrees of oppression, displacement and even give rise to heart, lung ventilation function was also affected, such as the further development, but also prone to serious illnesses such as respiratory tract infections .

如胸廓畸形较严重，尤其是漏斗胸，胸腔内的脏器心、肺受到不同程度的压迫，甚至引起心脏移位，肺通气功能也受到影响，如进一步发展，还容易发生呼吸道感染等严重病症。

We adjusted the self-designed traction bed to horizontal level and placed the participant in a prone position, then immobilized the thoracic traction harness under the xiphoid along the inferior 8th to 10th costal margin.

用自制的牵引床，将牵引床调整至水平位，被测试者取仰卧位，用胸廓带固定于被测试者剑突下，胸廓的第8、9、10肋下缘。

Pectus excavatum is one of the commonly found congenital chest wall deformity. It is characterized by depression of the sternum and the lower costal cartilages, producing a concave appearance to the anterior chest wall.

漏斗胸是一项常见的先天性胸廓畸形，其病症为患者之胸骨，以及肋软骨向患者体内凹陷，而於患者前胸形成漏斗状之变形。

Results (1) A typical pectus deformity occurred in rat underwent cutting off the lower three couples of costal cartilages bilaterally near the sternum, its presentation of pectus deformity can be compared with that in patients. 12 rats with PE who were performed Nuss procedure were survived without died from operation and the resume course was smoothly, all but three obtained desired configuration of chest wall.

4周龄SD大鼠134只，通过以不同方式切断或切除下位三对肋软骨观察术后胸廓发育，并对再生肋软骨进行形态学观察和免疫组织化学染色；用&Z&字形钢针对漏斗胸模型大鼠实施仿Nuss手术，通过胸廓外观和CT扫描进行评价：结果进行统计学分析。

Compared with standard images,bony images showed bony thorax more clearly,especially the ribs overlapped by heart and the subphrenic structures,and soft tissue images showed lung lesions more clearly.

DR标准胸片可显示骨性胸廓结构和肺纹理，图像质量优良；骨骼影像显示骨性胸廓方面优于标准影像，特别是心影和膈下结构重叠的肋骨；软组织影像在显示肺内病灶方面优于标准影像。

The final step is the dissection of the internal thoracic artery and vein to avoid damage by compression, coiling, kinking, or stretching of the vascular pedicle.7 Usually, the internal thoracic artery and vein are exposed at the level of the first rib; branches are clipped next to the main branch while the other ends of the branches are either electrocauterized or clipped.

最后一步则是胸廓内动静脉的解剖，避免压迫、卷绕、纽绞或牵扯血管蒂。一般胸廓内动静脉可在第一肋水平显露；主支旁的分支可以结扎切断，其他分支可以双极电凝或结扎切断。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。