胸导管

Result milk of 300mL of infuse of canal of stomach of the classics in esophagus cancer art, can discover unbalanced or scathing bosom is tracheal in time, handle in time, can reduce the happening of bosom of the chyle after art.

结果食管癌术中经胃管注入300mL牛奶，能及时发现畸形或损伤的胸导管，及时处理，能减少术后乳糜胸的发生。

Is it pay attention to non-getting milky white chyle chest,chest of liquid diagnose,diagnose and grasp operation,chyle of chest not to mean and solicit in early days to want,sewthe skill of pitching to wound patient's competent chest pipe of chyle chest as soon as possible,add and make the regular

要重视非乳白色胸液的乳糜胸诊断，早期诊断及掌握乳糜胸的手术指征，尽早对创伤性乳糜胸患者行胸导管缝扎术，对胸膜广泛乳糜漏者加行胸膜固定术，可达到很好疗效。

Great majority of bosom of the chyle after art of conclusion bosom surgery can be cured via guarding cure, open a bosom to regard as again remedy, if height suspects injury pectoral conduit,reach its to basically divide cope with preventive bunchy blind plunges into pectoral conduit.

结论胸外科术后乳糜胸大多数可经保守治疗治愈，再次开胸作为补救，若高度怀疑损伤胸导管及其主要分支应预防性束状盲扎胸导管。

objective: to study the treatment of postoperative chylothorax after injury of the thoracic duct during esophagectomy.

目的：为探讨食道癌根治术胸导管损伤导致的术后乳糜胸的治疗方法。

Objective\ To find out a good method to reduce or eliminate the chylothorax after resection of esophageal carcinoma.

目的 寻找减少或消除食管癌切除术后乳糜胸发生率的有效方法。方法随机选取 45例食管癌患者，在食管癌切除加胃食管残端吻合时，一期行预防性低位胸导管结扎术(第 8胸椎水平以下)；另 92例作对照组，仅做食管癌切除加胃-食管残端吻合术。

Con-clusion:It is suggested that in the management of postoperative chylothorax,conservative treatment or ligation of thoracic duct could be administered,depending on the patients'conditions.

应根据患者的病情来决定是采用保守疗法还是采用开胸结扎胸导管的方法。

In the literature, the incidence of a retroperitoneal lymphocele following surgery is 0.6 to 18% in renal transplantation,3,4,12 20 to 30% in radical surgery with lymphadenectomy for gynecological cancers,2,6,17 and 0.8 to 11% in urological procedures.9,15 There have been several reports on the formation of chylothorax or chyloascites following thoracic or upper lumbar spinal surgery because of injuries to the thoracic duct or cisterna chyli.1,8,16,1821 However, cases of retroperitoneal lymphoceles are extremely rare in lower lumbar spinal surgery.

在文献报导的引起腹膜后淋巴管瘤的手术中，肾移植中其发生率为0.6 到18%，妇科肿瘤淋巴结清扫根治性手术中为20 to 30%，泌尿系中为 0.8 to 11%。也曾经有几篇报导显示胸椎或上腰椎手术造成胸导管或乳糜池损伤引起乳糜胸或乳糜腹水。但是，下腰椎手术造成腹膜后淋巴管瘤则很少见。

Results:2cases were cured by conservative treatment.3cases were cured by ligation of thoracic duct.

结果： 2例患者行保守治疗，3例患者沿原切口开胸行胸导管结扎术，均治愈。

The preventive ligation of thoracic duct during resection of esophageal carcinoma can indeed reduce or eliminate the incidence rate of the chylothorax after operation.

术中行预防性低位胸导管结扎术可明显减少甚至消除食管癌患者术后乳糜胸的发生。

Based on the factors that cause the chylothorax after esophagectomy, we selected 40 esophageal cancer patients with radical surgery and played the operation of selective low cluster thoracic duct ligation.

根据食管癌术后并发乳糜胸的原因，总结低位结扎胸导管预防食管癌术后乳糜胸的适应证，选择40例食管癌根治术患者进行选择性行低位集束结扎胸导管。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。