胶质细胞

AIM: To observe whether hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium can induce human adipose-derived adult stromal cells into neuron-like cells in vitro.

目的：观察海马区星形胶质细胞培养上清液能否在体外诱导人脂肪基质细胞向神经元样细胞分化。

The expression level of metabolitic enzyme (CYP1A1, CYP1B1) and its correlation with cell differentiation /apoptosis were studied as well. The influence of resveratrol in cell cycle was determined with FCM. Results 1 Resveratrol not only suppresses the growth of medulloblastoma cells in a dose and time related fashion but also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis. Resveratrol promotes differention of UW228-1,-2 cells to forward glia, UW228-3 and Med-3 cells to neuron. A treatment of resveratrol in the concentration of 100μM for 48hrs comit most of cells die of apoptosis. 2 Among the four cell lines Fas and Caspase-3 were constantly expessed, whereas FasL was absent irrespective to the drug treatment. 3 ICC, RT-PCR, Western-blot hybridization and EROD enzymatic activity assay demonstrated that expression of CYP1A1 is different after treatment with resveratrol in four cell lines, up-regulated in three UW228 cell lines in a dose dependent manner but down-regulated in Med-3 cells. Suppressive effect of resveratrol on CYP1B1 expression is the same among four medulloblatoma cell lines. 4 Cell cycle distribution of UW228-3 was greatly changed after treatment.

结果：1、白藜芦醇以时间和剂量依赖性方式抑制髓母细胞瘤细胞生长，同时促进细胞的分化和凋亡：白藜芦醇促使UW228-1、-2靶细胞向神经胶质细胞方向成熟分化，UW228-3、Med-3细胞向神经元细胞方向成熟分化，以100μM作用48小时效果显著；2、四个细胞系均有Fas和Caspase-3表达，但无Fas-L基因表达和蛋白活性产生，因此难以形成Fas相关性死亡通路；3、白藜芦醇处理前后CYP1A1基因的表达在各细胞系略有不同：UW228-1，-2，-3三个细胞系白藜芦醇以剂量相关性方式上调CYP1A1的表达，而Med-3细胞系，白藜芦醇却抑制CYP1A1的表达；四个细胞系在白藜芦醇处理后CYP1B1的表达均受到抑制；4、UW228-3细胞系经白藜芦醇作用后细胞周期有较大改变，表现在G0/G1期在整个细胞周期中所占的比例增加，而其它时期则相应减少。

A new antibody releasing system has been developed by covalently attachingIgG to the biodegradable hyaluronic acid hydrogel via the hydrolyticallyunstable hydrazone linkage, aiming to deliver the antibody of CNS regenerationinhibitors to the injured brain. Furthermore, pH sensitive linkage-hydrozone has beenformed between hydrogel and antibody.

这一将该材料植入成年缺损大鼠的大脑皮层后，该材料具有良好的神经相容性，能够抑制胶质瘢痕的形成，并能诱导神经胶质细胞的迁移进入材料，为轴突的再生提供良好的生物为环境，促进神经轴突长入将改性后的水凝胶。

To explore the mechanism of neuron development retardation and myelination abnormality caused by alcohol,the membrane lipid fluidity of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes which is related to neuron and myelin development were measured by using DPH fluorescence probe.

为探讨酒精所致的神经元分化成熟迟滞和髓鞘形成受阻机制，本文以DPH荧光探针研究了酒精对与神经元和髓鞘发育相关的星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞膜脂质流动性的影响。

In the present study,we intend to establish a new model of traumatic brain-steminjury,and to study the pathological changes of neuron,axon,astrocyte,plasmaproteins,blood vessel endothelia,synapse,neurotransmitter and cytokines in rat'sand human injured brain-stem,using routing histochemistry,immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization,LSCM and computerized image analysis.

综合现有文献，本研究拟建立新的脑干损伤动物模型，并采用常规病理组化、免疫组化、原位杂交、LSCM以及计算机图像分析等技术，对动物及人体脑干组织中的神经元、星形胶质细胞、血浆蛋白及血管内皮细胞，以及轴索、突触、神经递质及细胞因子等进行研究，并对脑干损伤的致死性病变进行初步定位，以确立对脑干损伤的鉴定和推断脑干损伤时间有意义的客观指标。

N perifocal tissue intracerebral hemorrhage there were rarefaction neuron,cell spaces augmentation,cell diminution,distinct demarcation of cell membrane and surrounding,and we discovered a lot of degeneration and necrosis nerve cells,cell body collapsed,pycnosis anachromasis,nucleoli disappeared. In EPO group we discovered that center area of hemorrhage shinked,nerve cells of degeneration and necrosis decreased in perifocal tissue,majority cells morphous were normal and pathological changes were light.

CH对照组在术后皮层出血中心无神经元，仅见少量胶质细胞，细胞间质空泡样改变；出血边缘区神经元稀疏，细胞间隙增大，细胞缩小，胞膜与周围分界清楚，并可见大量变性及坏死的神经细胞，表现为胞体皱缩，核固缩深染，核仁消失。rhEPO治疗组出血中心区变小，边缘区神经细胞变性坏死减少，多数存活细胞形态相对正常，病变较轻。

Recent studies found that ischemic brain damage is resulted from many reasons such as functional rearrangement of glia cells, an ion balance disorder, lipide peroxidation induced by free radicals, and changes of neurotransmitters.

许多继发性因素，如缺血后神经胶质细胞功能的重新安排，离子平衡紊乱，自由基引起的脂质过氧化损伤，以及神经递质的改变等可诱导神经细胞死亡，继而导致脑损伤，但有关缺血性细胞死亡机制目前还无定论。

Results After EMR exposure, mitochondria swelled, the number of lysosome increased, nuclear chromatin marginated in neurocytes and neuroglial cells of the hippocampus and MrD. After exposure to EMR 1~3 h, surrounding space of capillarity enlarged and some endothelium cells of capillarity swelled; after the exposure 4~5 h, surrounding space of capillarity enlarged partially and vacuoles formed in endothelium cells.

结果 电磁辐射照射后，海马、边缘区组织中神经元、神经胶质细胞线粒体肿胀、溶酶体增多、核染色质边集；照射后即刻、1~3h毛细血管周围间隙增大，少数血管内皮细胞肿胀，4~sh毛细血管周围间隙部分增大，血管内皮细胞有空泡形成。

Bone marrow stromal cells are cells got rid of hemopoietic stem cells in marrow cell of mature individual, which is approved to be multi-differentiation potential including transforming into neural stem cell, and differentiation into neurs and neuroglial cell.

骨髓基质细胞(Bone marrow stromal cells，BMSCs)是成体骨髓细胞中除造血干细胞之外的另一类骨髓干细胞，近年来的研究证明其具有多向分化的潜能，包括向神经干细胞转化，并可进一步分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。

Neurovascular unit was an integral one that consisted of neuron,vascular endothelial cells,et al.

神经血管单元是指由神经细胞、血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞及其周围的细胞外基质组成的一个整体。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷