胶质

Results The hind limb function of the injured rats recovered at different degrees, the most extent recovery occurred during the time site 1~2 week, recovery continued from 2 to 3 week and, BBB was up to 12 at the end of the third week, but there was no significance recovery during 3~4 week. the astrocyte caudal to the injury plane began hyperplasy and hypertrophy; astrocyte in which GFAP in expression was positive the gray matter increased obviously from 3 days to 14 days after hemisection. The expression of MBP is same as that of GFAP.

结果 伤后后肢均有不同程度的恢复，1~2周时恢复幅度最大，2~3周时后肢运动功能继续恢复，3周时BBB评分最高达12分，3~4周运动功能无显著性恢复，损伤后1 d损伤远端3~6 mm处GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞开始增生肥大，3~4 d灰质中星形胶质细胞明显增多，2周时达到高峰，损伤近端3~6 mm处少突胶质细胞的增生反应过程与星形胶质细胞相似。

The GFAP is a specific marker of astrocyte, its expression is more higher in the activity astrocyte, and finally the GFAP become the main composition of scar formations. The S -100 is a kind of acidity, dissolubilites, low molecular quantity and calcium hydronium conjugated protein, and it is mainly existed in neuroglial cell and schwann cell. It can promote the growth of axon, glial hyper-plasia and nerve divide and calcium's stability inside of cell, thus regulatin g the shape and metabolism of astrocyte . The quantity of S -100 protein and the degree of ischemia have direct proportion .

胶质纤维酸性蛋白是星形胶质细胞的特异性标记物，在活性星形胶质细胞中GFAP的表达相对更高，且最后GFAP成为胶质疤痕的主要成份。S-100蛋白是一种酸性、可溶性、低分子量的钙离子结合蛋白，主要存在于胶质细胞和雪旺细胞中，它可促进轴突生长、胶质增生、神经分化和细胞内钙的稳定，从而调节星形胶质细胞的形态和代谢。S-100蛋白与缺血的程度是成正比的。

Glia; gliogenesis; glioma; glial cells; central nervous system; CNS; glial progenitor cells; glial fibrillary acidic protein; ependymocytes; ependoma; cytokeratins; vimentin; tanycytes; ion transport; lining cells; cerebrospinal fluid; CSF; ventricular system; floor plate; axon guidance; choroidal cells; choroid plexus epithelium; Chiari malformations; congenital aqueductal stenosis; neuroblast migration disorders; gap junctions

神经胶质；gliogenesis；神经胶质瘤；胶质细胞；中枢神经系统；CNS；神经胶质祖细胞；胶质原纤维酸性蛋白；室管膜细胞；ependoma；细胞角蛋白；波形蛋白；tanycytes；离子转运；衬细胞；脑脊髓液；CSF；脑室系统；底板；；脉络膜细胞；脉络丛上皮；恰里畸形；先天性导水管狭窄；成神经细胞迁徙扰乱；缺隙连接点

Results (1)Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in mixed culture appeared better growth and differentiation than the respectively purified neuroglial, especially for the oligodendrocytes.(2) There were many pseudopod process among the astrocytes, which appeared centripetal growth mode.(3) The passaged astrocytes kept good abilities of division and proliferation and completely fused after 1 week of growth, and the purity was over 95%.

结果 (1)混合培养的星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞生长分化状况均优于纯化后的生长，以少突胶质细胞表现更为明显；(2)星形胶质细胞呈向心性生长，细胞相邻的接触面有较多的伪足；(3)传代培养的星形胶质细胞保持较强的分裂增殖能力，可在1周左右生长至完全融合，其纯度可达95%以上。

After cocultured with reactive astrocytes, olfactory ensheathing cells can promote the proliferation of reactive astrocytes,and reduce the astrocyte gliosis and expression of inhibitory cytokines.

嗅鞘细胞作用于活化后的星形胶质细胞以后，能够促进星形胶质细胞的分裂增殖，同时能够减少星形胶质细胞胶质化，降低抑制性细胞因子的表达。

Results: ApoD was observed positively expressed in type2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from O2A lineage, while it was not expressed in type1 astrocytes from T1A lineage. Accordingly, we can verify the phenomenon found in the study of T1A and T2A gene different expression profile that ApoD mRNA was highly expressed in T2A and lowly expressed in T1A. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lipid metabolism related genes such as ApoD play important roles in the generation and differentiation of O2A lineage, which closely correlate with internal mechanism of lipid metabolism in the brain and myelogenesis.［Key words］astrocyte(T1A, T2A); oligodendrocyte; O2A lineage; apolipoproteinApoD

我们已采用基因芯片技术在mRNA水平研究两型星形胶质细胞的基因表达谱差异，发现ApoD在2型星形胶质细胞中差异高表达，故本文拟用激光共聚焦双重免疫荧光标记技术进一步在蛋白质水平观察ApoD在体外分化成熟的两型星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞中的表达情况，以期为我们深入研究ApoD等脂代谢相关基因在脑内脂质代谢和神经髓鞘发育机制中所起的作用提供有用的实验依据，依此探讨胶质细胞发生和分化的信号机制。

The best quality of MRS is that the MRS is the only noninvasive and in vivo means in detecting the changes in metabolism state and special biochemical compounds in living animal and human body, and that make it possible for us to observe the physiological and biochemical characteristic of brain neoplasma ,and the development of neoplasma.

脑肿瘤是较为常见的肿瘤，其发病率占全身肿瘤的1.8％，其中以脑胶质瘤为最多，占43.7％，脑肿瘤的诊断及治疗一直是临床及基础研究的难点及热点，为了更好的了解胶质瘤的生物学特征，寻找有效的治疗方法，人们一直在寻求建立稳定安全的脑动物模型，大鼠C6胶质瘤具有与人脑胶质瘤相似的生物学特征，且模型较为稳定，被广泛用于肿瘤生物学及实验性治疗的研究中。

Results: the findings on ct and mri were as follows: 57 cases of oligodendroglioma, 15 cases of ganglioglioma , 5 cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor , 3 cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma .conclusion:the images on ct and mri of cerebra peripheral tumor occur some characters , so ct and mri were certain worth on the diagnose and differentiate diagnose of cerebra peripheral tumor.

结果：少枝胶质瘤47例，间变性少枝胶质瘤10例，节细胞胶质瘤15例，胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤5例，多形黄色细胞瘤3例。结论：脑浅表肿瘤存在影像特征，ct及mri对其诊断有一定的价值。少枝胶质细胞瘤；节细胞肿瘤；胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤；多形性黄色星形细胞瘤；ct；mri

In Part 1 of our research, BGSCs were sorted through immunomagnetic beads marking by CD133 and cultured in vitro, and character as a stem cell was identified by stem cell markers (CD133 and Nestin) and differentiated cell markers [ microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2), glial acidic fibrillary protein and myelin basic protein] , ultrastructure observing with electron microscopeand engrafting to severe combined immunodeficiency mice for tumorigenesis test. The results were as following: Only a small subset of CD133+ glioma cells in glioma cell lines and fresh specimens from various pathologic grade could express stem cell markers CD133 and Nestin, view ultrastructure of a stem cell and be capacity of serial passage in culture. These CD133+ cells possese a marked capacity for multipotent differentiation and could differentiate into tumor cells expressing MAP2,β-TubulinⅢ, GFAP and MBP; When engrafted into SCID mice, they can generate and form tumors that phenotypically resembl the tumor from the patient.

在本课题中，在第一部分实验中采用以CD133为标志的免疫磁珠法从人脑胶质瘤组织和细胞株中分离脑胶质瘤干细胞并进行体外培养，通过免疫荧光技术检测干细胞标志物CD133、Nestin，诱导分化后检查分化细胞标志物MAP2、GFAP、MBP以及电镜超微结构观察和移植SCID鼠致瘤实验，对其干细胞特性加以鉴定，得到如下结果：不同病理分级的新鲜胶质瘤标本和胶质瘤细胞株中存在一小部分CD133+的胶质瘤细胞，能表达干细胞的标志物CD133和Nestin，符合干细胞的超微结构特点，体外培养能连续传代；具有多向分化潜能：诱导分化后能产生MAP2、β-TubulinⅢ、GFAP、MBP染色阳性的细胞；移植SCID鼠后能形成与亲本肿瘤表型一致的移植瘤。

Neural stem cells have a strong self-renew mechanism and it can transform after a little break. Neural stem cells have a long term survival, which mean that it has more probability of wrong copy than mature cells. These cells are formed glioma stem cells in the end. The genes who adjust neural stem cells can express in glioma stem cells, which hold out glioma stem cells from neural stem cells. There is another presume that glioma stem cells come from differentiated cells. Through the gene break of these cells, they can obtain characteristics of stem cells, then form glioma stem cells.

神经干细胞具有很强的自我更新机制，获得较少突变即有可能恶性转化，而且干细胞存活时间较长，这意味着干细胞比成熟细胞发生细胞复制的错误几率更大，因外界环境的刺激而发生突变的机会更多，最终形成脑胶质瘤干细胞，同时调节神经干细胞增殖和自我更新的基因在脑胶质瘤的脑胶质瘤干细胞中也表达，这也是支持神经干细胞是脑胶质瘤干细胞来源的；也有推测认为它可能起源于已分化的细胞，由这些细胞突变发生去分化得来，并通过基因突变而获得了干细胞自我更新的特性，从而形成脑胶质瘤干细胞。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了