胶结

The mixed material of FC-1with the mineral material has the characteristics of high temperature stability and low temperature deformability.

FC－1与胶结的混合料高温稳定性优异，低温有较大的变形能力，是一种高、低温性能俱佳的筑路胶结料。

It always contains fractures、 poorly cemented or non- cemented fracted zone in real formations, moreover, some fractures are induced during drilling, so the formation around the well is not continuous.

实际地层本身含有裂缝、胶结差、甚至无胶结的破碎带，再加上钻井过程中的诱导裂缝，井眼周围的地层并不是连续的。

During development of oilfields, unsolidated sandstone will be damaged and sanding in oil formation because of its fragileness, unbalance of pressure, gravel shearing and traction caused by flow liquid.

在油田开发过程中，由于胶结疏松的砂岩地层本身的胶结脆弱性、压力不平衡以及流体对砂粒的剪切、拖曳作用，会造成油层结构的破坏和出砂，影响到油田的正常开发。

Diagenesis types include compaction,cementation, solution and metasomasis.

成岩作用类型主要包括压实作用、胶结作用、溶解作用和交代作用，其中胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速变差，而溶解作用是次生空隙发育的主要因素。

From the middle to the south in the research area, the compaction, the pressure dissolves the function and the structure disruption intensity enlarges gradually, the silicon nature agglutinates the content to increase gradually, and the corrosion function intensity reduces gradually. The diagenesis stage is carried on according to the division standards of secondary enlargement degree, pellet contact type as well as porosity type, the authigenic mineral characteristic, agglutinates, the diagenesis of Xujiahe formation is thoughted degree to be intense, which already entered the late diagenesis stage A sub-stage.

从研究区中部向南部，压实、压溶作用和构造破裂作用的强度逐渐加大，硅质胶结物含量逐渐增多，溶蚀作用强度逐渐降低；并根据成岩作用类型、自生矿物特征、胶结物的次生加大程度、颗粒接触类型以及孔隙类型等划分标准，对须家河组进行了成岩作用阶段划分，认为研究区须家河组成岩作用程度强烈，已经进入晚成岩作用阶段A亚期。

The contents of solid particles of the produced water are higher than those of the injection water obviously, which shows the destroying effect of the injection water on formations is mainly washing action currently and the injection water has a strong washing and schlepping effect on clay mineral.

在井眼扩大机理方面，对油田采出水和注入水的化学组成进行了分析和对比，根据离子浓度、固相含量的变化判断注入水对胶结物的破坏方式，并应用X射线衍射技术进一步探究胶结物的变化状况。

Two dominate variation trends are distinguished in the data plots of compressional-wave velocity versus Possion ratio, indicating the effects of mud content and calcite cement on the elastic properties of sandstone samples. In each change trend, with the rock texture transfering gradually from grain-supporting to matrix-supporting with increasing mud and calcite cement content, the propagation of elastic wave also changed from grain-to-grain contacts to rock matrix, which resulted in the measured data illustrating extremely different tendency. It helps utilize the physics properties of reservoir sandstone to extract rock texture and diagenesis properties in the research area.

样品在纵波速度－泊松比交汇图中表现出两种主要变化趋势，分别对应泥质与钙质胶结物的影响；在每个变化趋势中随泥质含量与钙质胶结物含量的增加，岩石结构从颗粒所构成的骨架支撑逐渐表现为基质支撑，弹性波能量的传播也从通过颗粒接触边界转变为通过岩石基质传播，这是使砂岩样品测试结果表现出两种截然不同变化趋势的主要原因，为利用岩石物理特性从地震资料中提取岩石结构、沉积与成岩特征的信息提供了依据。

As pH value varied in the course of diagenesis,reservoirs experienced one to three cementations or dissolution generations.Lots of secondary dissolution pores developed in the late diagenetic stage,because of the acidic mediums in the process of generation and migration of oil and gas. The anhydrites deposited in the dissolved pores resulted in the heterogeneity of secondary pores.

储层在成岩过程中受地层水pH值变化的影响，经历1~3个世代的胶结或溶蚀作用，其中在晚成岩期油气生成和运移过程中形成的酸性成岩环境对早成岩期生成的碳酸盐岩胶结物和储层中的长石矿物溶蚀，因而产生了大量的次生溶孔，但随后在溶孔中沉淀了不等量的硬石膏，导致了次生孔隙的非均质性。

The reservoir rock types in the region of interest are grain limestone, algal limestone, cryptite, siltstone, muddy limestone and mudstone. The thesis identified as a result of changes in the deposition causing the heterogeneity in plane, and then the geological oil reserves have been calculated in accordance with the areal heterogeneity.3、Based on the data of core analysis, bore logging, array induction imaging log and FMI, porosity and permeability model were built using regression analysis. Through testing 45 rock samples, a, b, m, n value were obtained and used to calculate single-layer oil saturation value using the Archie formula. According to the theory of laterolog and inductolog, resistivity ratio and cross plot were used to identification effective thickness. Effective thickness was identified delicately in 103 wells. Based on the over work, active porosity and oil saturation was calculated accurately.4、According to observation of 100 pieces of the thin slices, cast thin slices and 383m core in three wells, the chief diagenesis in this area were compaction, cementation, denudation and cataclasis. Cementation and denudation were universally influenced active porosity this area. The intergranular pores, residual pores and secondary pores were formed in thin carbonated reservoir of lacustrine facies.5、The influence of reservoir heterogeneity to reservoir calculation was analyzed systematically using actual data. And the conclusions were as follows:①The principal reason leading to oil distribution unequal is interior structural feature of reservoir in structural hydrocarbon reservoir.

确定了由于沉积微相的变化而导致的平面非均质性，进而在平面上按照平面非均质单元计算了石油地质储量。3、利用岩心分析、常规测井曲线与阵列感应、成像测井资料相结合，分岩性利用回归分析方法建立了储层孔隙度、渗透率模型；通过对45块岩样进行岩电试验，获取了a、b、m、n值，利用阿尔奇公式计算了各单层含油饱和度值；根据侧向电阻率和感应电阻率串并联特性，利用电阻率比值法与常规交会图法相结合重建了有效厚度图版，对全区103口井目的层段进行了有效厚度精细划分，通过以上工作，准确求取了储量计算单元内有效厚度参数、有效孔隙度参数以及含油饱和度参数。4、通过对研究区3口井383m岩心观察，100余块薄片、铸体薄片镜下鉴定得出：油泉子油田上、下油砂山组储层主要成岩作用是压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和破裂作用，其中溶蚀作用、胶结作用最普遍，这两种作用对有效孔隙度影响最大，以上成岩作用形成了原生粒间孔、粒间残余孔和次生孔隙(如粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔等)为主的薄层湖相碳酸盐岩储层。5、利用实际资料，系统分析了油藏非均质对储量计算的影响，认为：①对于构造油气藏而言，油气藏构造及断裂特征是造成油气分布不均的首要原因，储集条件相同的条件下，构造高部位有利于储存油气，油气在垂向的重力分异体现了油气藏内部构造的不均一特征。

According to experience of similar material research, a new similar material, iron barites sand cementation material, has been developed through hundreds of compounding test.

借鉴前人的经验，通过大量的配比试验，研制出一种新型的相似材料铁晶砂胶结料，这种材料用铁精粉、重晶石粉、石英砂作为骨料，松香、酒精溶液作为胶结剂，石膏作为调节剂混合而成。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。