胶凝

PAA/PVA IPN hydrogels were prepared by a sequential method by which acrylic acid firstly. polymerizes and cross-links in PVA/water solution with UV irradiation,then PVA physical cross-linked hydrogels are formed in cross-linked PAA networksby freezing-thawing. The orthogonal test design method was used to optimize theexperimental conditions based on the mechanical and swelling properties of thehydrogels. The effect of the PAA and crosslinking agent contents on the microscopicmorphology of the PAA/PVA IPN xerogel was investigated by transmission electronmicroscopy, and on the mechanical properties of the hydogels was studied bymeasurements of mechanical properties.

针对水凝胶强度、生物相容性和刺激响应性的需要，选择了以PVA和PAA为复合水凝胶的基本分子结构；采用顺序IPN方法制备PAA／PVA IPN水凝胶，即将单体丙烯酸与PVA溶液共混，AA经紫外光辐射聚合交联在PVA溶液中形成PAA化学交联网络，再经冰冻—解冻循环过程在PAA网络内形成PVA物理交联网络。

The orthogonal experiment for carbonization process indicated that the heating rate and the final carbonization temperature showed more significant influence on the properties of aerogels than the holding time did.

采用IR分析技术跟踪C〓F气凝胶的热解过程，发现400～600℃之间样品中出现石墨化结构的红外活性振动，表明炭气凝胶的微结构中开始有乱层石墨化微晶出现。C〓F气凝胶是典型的中孔材料。

The microstructures of the new developed carbon aerogels was investigated by means of low-temperature N_2 adsorption, TEM, XRD, XPS and etc. We studied the influence of synthesis conditions on the aerogels structure, such as reactant mass percent, catalyst concentration, carbonization process and supersonic.

采用低温N_2吸附、TEM、XRD和XPS等手段研究了碳气凝胶的微观结构特点，考察了反应物质量分数、催化剂浓度、碳化过程对气凝胶孔结构的影响，同时还研究了超声作用对气凝胶微观结构的影响。

It was shown that the fluorescence spectra of fluorescein in the gels had a red shift in contrast to those in the solution of diphenyl ether and that the gelation thime decreased with increasing the concentration of BMDM.

研究结果发现，与荧光素在二苯醚溶液中的荧光光谱相比，在凝胶中出现了 10～25nm的红移；而且发现分子凝胶的凝胶化时间随着BMDM浓度的增加而减小。

A water molecular gel can be formed by the aggregation and self-assembly of gelator 4,4′-bisstearylamide diphenyl ether at very low concentration.

合成了一种新型凝胶因子，能在很低的浓度下使水发生凝胶化，形成水分子凝胶。

The aim of this work is to synthesise a series of sensitive hydrogels, to study the structure of the network and to determine the phase-equilibrum curves of gels, then to build new molecular-themodynamic model and to describe phase behaviour of sensitive hydrogels.

本论文是在合成一系列敏感性水凝胶的基础上，通过对网络结构的研究和凝胶相平衡的曲线的测定，试图建立新的凝胶分子热力学模型，并预测其相行为。

Hydroquinone-formaldehyde organic aerogels with high HC ratio (10~40, molar ratio of hydroquinone to catalyst) have been prepared using sol-gel process. And carbon aerogels have been prepared by pyrolyzing the aerogels.

溶胶－凝胶法制备了高HC比（10~40，对苯二酚与催化剂(Na2CO3)的物质的量之比）的对苯二酚－甲醛有机气凝胶，并经高温碳化处理得到其碳气凝胶。

In addition, the ingredients have been tested by the IR spectra which show the probability of the nano-porous structure. SEM pictures, specific surface areas and distribution of pore diameter have been tested to study the nano-porous structures in surface and some data before and after the pyrolyzing process have been gained: the size of the organic aerogel is 30~50nm, that of the carbon aerogel is about 10nm, the specific surface area increases from 341.77m^2/g to 452.75m^2/g, the density increases from 0.1708g/cm^3 to 0.3356g/cm^3 respectively.

借助有机气凝胶的红外光谱研究了其化学结构，说明其网孔结构形成的可能性；研究了有机气凝胶的扫描电镜图像、比表面积及孔径分布等，并得到碳化前后的一些对比数据：有机气凝胶颗粒大小30~50nm，碳化后约为10nm，比表面积从341.77平方公尺/g增大到452.75平方公尺/g，密度从0.1708g/立方公分增大到0.3356g/立方公分。

Results Well-resolved,reproducible 2-DE patterns of SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901 were established.Silver staining was better when protein sample amount was low,overloaded protein will interfere resolution of the maps.Gels stained with colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue had more protein spots numbers and abundance without apparent trails when increased loading protein sample.

结果 获得了背景清晰、重复性好的双向凝胶电泳图谱，两种染色凝胶相比，硝酸银染色在样品少时显示更佳，过量则影响图像质量，而胶体考马斯亮蓝染色在上样量增加时的凝胶蛋白质点数目及丰度均增加，并无明显拖尾。

Hydrogels can respond to the environmental changes by recognizing and then self-working under slight stimulation of physical and chemical environment,such as temperature,pH degree,ionic strength,electric field,magnetic field,light,pressure,etc. So it is called "smart gel","soft mechanism".

水凝胶对于环境微小的物理化学刺激，如温度、pH值、离子强度、电场、磁场、光、压力等能够通过感知和自身作功来响应外界环境变化，因此水凝胶具有&智能凝胶&、&软性机械&之称。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！