胰岛素

Basal insulins are very unnecessary to treat and control diabetes but maybe we should start with the prandial insulin with some of the patients where the A1c is not too elevated and when we see there is a risk for malignancy.

基础胰岛素在治疗和控制糖尿病是很不必要的。在看到胰岛素增加肿瘤发生的危险的这种情况下，对于一些A1c升高不是很多的患者，或许我们应该以餐中胰岛素开始。

Glucose clamp studies performed at submaximal and maximal insulin infusion rates (4 and 25 mU · kg–1 · min–1, respectiely) also demonstrated increased insulin sensitiity in Ad-Adipo animals, with the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate being increased by 20–67%.

在亚最大剂量和最大剂量的胰岛素输注率(分别为4和 25 mU kg–1 min–1)情况下行葡萄糖钳夹试验亦显示Ad-Adipo动物胰岛素敏感性增加，胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖的利用率增加了20-67%。

The program of AER+RES was similar to AER, but went through resistance exercise 20min in base section of every exercise trail.Result: Prior to intervention, adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with BMI、 WHR、 COS、 LN、 LN、 TG、 LG10、 LN、 weight、 waist、 FM、%F, and leptin levels were significantly correlated with BMI、 WHR 、 LN 、 LN 、 TG 、 HDL-C 、 LG10、 apoB 、 apoA1/apoB、 waist、 F1M、%F. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that LG10; COS and waist was an predictor of basal adiponectin levels , and %F,apoB and WHR was an predictor of basal leptin levels. In early obesity, adiponectin and leptin can be worsened , along with the changed of body component, fasting plasm glucose and lipid accumulation. After intervention, both group were significantly reduction in FM,%F,weight, WHR,FPG and TG, while HDL-C had significantly increased.AER exhibited significant in leptin, while AER+RES did not show the change. Insulin and HOMA-IR were changed in both groups. The control group exhibited no significant change in any variables. Although adiponectin levels were unchanged in the three groups, a significant negativecorrelation between delta %F, delta WHR and delta FPG was observed. Futhermore, if compare the degree of delta weight, we fought a significant increased in adiponectin between the group of delta weight higher (=3kg) than delta weight lower(=0kg), delta %F, delta WHR and delta weight were significant negative correlation with delta leptin.

结果：绝经妇女脂联素水平与体重指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、LEP、TG、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗指数、体重、腰围、体脂含量、体脂百分比显著相关；瘦素水平与BMI、WHR、FINS、LEP、TG、HDL-C、VLDL-C、载脂蛋白B、apoA1／apoB、腰围、FM、％F等指标显著相关；多元逐步回归分析显示LG10、COS和腰围是基线脂联素水平的预测变量，而％F，apoB和WHR是基线瘦素水平的预测变量；在肥胖前期，脂联素、瘦素已经出现明显不良变化，同时也伴随着体成分、空腹血糖和血脂的异常；运动实验后，两个运动组的FM、％F、体重、WHR、FPG、TG都显著下降，而HDL-C显著上升；AER组瘦素显著下降，而AER+RES组则没有显著变化；两组的胰岛素和HOMA-IR水平都有显著下降；对照组所有指标都没有明显变化；尽管运动后脂联素水平没有显著变化，但是脂联素变化量与％F、WHR和血糖变化量显著负相关，而且如果按照运动后体重下降的程度比较，则体重下降大(≥3kg)的受试者比下降小的(≤0kg)脂联素水平有明显升高；运动后瘦素水平的变化量与％F，WHR及体重的变化量显著负相关。

The expression of Munc131 is accordant to blood insulin level and plays an essential role in insulin exocytosis.

Munc131在胰岛素释放过程中的作用，随着胚胎发育期胰岛素分泌的增多表达也增加，宫内发育迟缓新生大鼠胰岛素分泌减少时，Munc131的表达亦减少。

The amount of insulin pump for three days before the 20 percent reduction in the total amount of insulin, insulin infusion pump for the basic amount of 50%(one of breakfast to dinner during the foundation day of the total amount of 60%, after supper to meeting the early morning of day 40%) and the other 50% for the fasting dose.

胰岛素用量为用泵前三天胰岛素总量减少20%，胰岛素泵输注的基础量为总量的50%(其中早餐至晚餐期间用量占全日基础量的60%，晚餐后至次日清晨占40%)，另50%为餐前剂量。

A carbohydrate-rich drink enhances insulin action at the time of onset of anaesthesia or surgery by activating three kinases named PTK, PI3K, PKB which are key en zymes in pathway of insulin signal transduction. It is likely to explain the effects on postoperative insulin resistance.

这种富糖溶液可在麻醉或手术开始时就通过相对增强胰岛素信号转导通路上PTK、PI3K、PKB等激酶的活性来增强胰岛素活性，这是术前口服碳水化合物改善术后胰岛素抵抗的可能机理之一。

Insulin superfamily includes insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2, relaxin, and some other small molecules containing a common primary structural motif and similar tertiary structure.

胰岛素，类胰岛素生长因子1和2（IGF-1和IGF-2），耻骨松弛素等均属于胰岛素超家族，它们都具有共同的一级结构模体和相似的三级结构。

ANIMAL INSULIN:The original form of insulin that was obtained from the pancreases of cows and pigs.

动物胰岛素：从牛和猪胰腺得来的胰岛素，是最原始的胰岛素。

Membrane potential, intracellular Na+, K+, Cl, H+ activities and Na+, K+ transference number in toad oocytes were measured in vitro by using conventional and ion-sensitive microelectrodes during the insulin-induced oocyte maturation.

近年来，胰岛素及胰岛素样肤类物质在卵母细胞成熟中的作用越来越引起人们的关注。EI一Etr等(1979)用非洲爪蟾卵母细胞作实验，发现胰岛素及其类似物具有促进卵母细胞成熟分裂的作用。

Prior medical history is significant for asymptomatic esophageal reflux, long-standing stable asthma that has been successfully treated with inhaled sympathomimetics and steroids, and juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, currently controlled with 25 U neutral protamine Hagedorn and 6 U regular insulin every morning and 10 U NPH and 3 U regular insulin every night.

先前的病史显示她有明显的无症状性食管返流，哮喘经过吸入拟交感神经药物和甾体类激素治疗处于长期稳定状态，青少年型糖尿病用25U低精蛋白锌胰岛素和每天早上6U常规胰岛素，夜里10UNPH和3U常规胰岛素控制。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。