胫骨

The re were 4 cases complicatied with partial necrosis of incision skin and healed after dressing, one case had postoperative necrosis of incisional skin and exposure of plate and improved after dressing.［Conclusion］The application of IFAP in the treatment of distal tibial fracture has advantages of convenient operation, rigid fixaitn with anatomical characteristics.

。［结论］选择合适的手术时间和术中微创操作，应用塑型良好的胫骨远端内、外侧解剖型钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折，手术操作相对容易，内固定钢板符合胫骨远端解剖特点，内固定牢固，可以获得良好临床疗效。

About the age of 16 of the epiphysis and the tibial epiphyseal fusion, 18-year-old tibial tuberosity and tibial ossification as a whole.

约在16岁时该骨骺与胫骨上端骨骺融合，18岁的胫骨结节与胫骨上端骨化为一体。

Result:As compared with the model group, the effect of small dose group and middle dose group of osteopractic total flavone on TBV% of shankbone increased significantly; the effect of small dose group and middle dose group of osteopractic total flavone on TRS% of shankbone reduced significantly and TFS%, AFS%, MAR, BFR of shankbone reduced obviously; the effect of middle dose group of osteopractic total flavone on OSW and mAR reduced obviously, the effect of small dose group of osteopractic total flavone on them had the tendency of reducing, but there was no statistical significance.

结果 ：对胫骨骨小梁体积百分比的影响，与模型组比较，骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组和中剂量组的TBV %明显增高；对胫骨骨小梁吸收表面百分比的影响，与模型组比较，骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组、中剂量组的TRS %显著降低；对胫骨骨小梁形成表面百分比，活性生成表面百分比，骨小梁矿化率和骨小梁骨生成率的影响，骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组、中剂量组的TFS %，AFS %，MAR ，BFR较模型组皆明显降低；对胫骨类骨质平均宽度和骨皮质矿化率的影响，骨碎补总黄酮中剂量组的OSW和mAR与模型组比较，明显降低；骨碎补总黄酮小剂量组与之相比，有下降的趋势，但无统计学意义。

The mean range of motion was improved from preoperative 84°(40°-95°) to postoperative 104°(80°-120°); the mean preoperative Knee Society Scores were increased from preoperative 39 scores (10-67 scores) to 87(10-100), and the function was improved from 38 scores (0-60 scores) to postoperative 76(20-100). Alignment was obtained in 31 knees, with well localized femoral and tibial prostheses. The tibial prosthesis of 1 case developed inadequate retroversion; of 2 cases remained 2°-3° inversion; non-progressive radiolucent zone was found between tibial prosthesis and bone interface of 1 case.

膝关节活动度从置换前平均84°(40°~95°)增加到置换后平均104°(80°~120°)，膝关节评分从置换前平均39分（10~67分），提高到随访时平均87分（10~100分），功能评分从置换前平均38分（0~60分）提高到随访时平均76分（20~100分）。31膝获得肢体的良好对线，股骨及胫骨假体位置良好。1例胫骨假体后倾不足，2例胫骨假体残留2°~3°内翻，1例胫骨假体与骨组织界面存在非进展性透亮带。

Alignment was obtained in 31 knees, with well localized femoral and tibial prostheses. The tibial prosthesis of 1 case developed inadequate retroversion; of 2 cases remained 2°-3° inversion; non-progressive radiolucent zone was found between tibial prosthesis and bone interface of 1 case.

膝关节活动度从置换前平均84°(40°~95°)增加到置换后平均104°(80°~120°)，膝关节评分从置换前平均39分(10~67分)，提高到随访时平均87分(10~100分)，功能评分从置换前平均38分(0~60分)提高到随访时平均76分(20~100分)。31膝获得肢体的良好对线，股骨及胫骨假体位置良好。1例胫骨假体后倾不足，2例胫骨假体残留2°~3°内翻，1例胫骨假体与骨组织界面存在非进展性透亮带。

Everyone was required to lake a full-length standing X-ray film of the lower extremity. The hip-knee-ankle angle, femorotibial angle and tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle were measured on their anteroposterior radiographs. while the posterior slope of tibial plateau was measured on their lateral radiographs based on three reference lines: anterior tibial cortex tangent line, tibial proximal anatomical ink acid posterior tibial cortex tangent line.

受试者拍摄下肢站立位全长X线片，并按要求测量髋－膝－踝角、胫股角和胫骨平台内翻角，再分别用胫骨中上段前侧骨皮质切线、胫骨中上段轴线和胫骨中上段后侧骨皮质切线作为参考线测量胫骨平台后倾角。

New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 months old, 3-4 kg weight) were the test animals, and they were divided into three groups proceeding in this study. In group A:One PLLA screw and one commercial screw were implanted in the right tibia. Two PLLA screws were implanted in the left. Furthermore, one PLLA bar was implanted in both right and left tibia respectively with onlay model in group B. Also,one PLLA plate was implanted in the left tibia and one commercial plate in the right respectively with onlay model in group C . Many tests were done on each sample in 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks which included the observation of tissue response in group A, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss, molecular weight, crystallinity and morphology of fracture surface by scanning electronic microscopyin group B, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss and molecular weight in group C.

所使用实验动物为24只3-4个月大，体重3-4公斤的纽西兰兔，并将所使用材料及动物分为A、B、C三组进行。A组中於实验兔之右胫骨植入两支骨钉，一支为自制骨钉，一支为MacroPore市售骨钉，并钻一孔但不植入骨钉做为控制组；另於实验兔之左胫骨植入两支自制骨钉，另标示一区不钻孔不植入骨钉做为控制组。B组采用onlay1 模式於实验兔之左右胫骨各植入一自制长型片。C组也采用onlay模式於实验兔之左胫骨植入一自制骨板，於右胫骨植入一市售骨板，各於不同时间点( 1， 4及12周)将A及C组，而於( 1，4，8及12周)将B组内的植入物取出进行各种测试，包括A组的组织切片观察及B组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化、结晶度变化及扫描式电子显微镜观察断面型态改变及C组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化。

Abstract］ objective to discuss the clinical meaning of the treatment of tibial plateau fracture by mipo and operation method.methods 34 cases of tibial plateau fracture with schatzker typeⅰ～ⅴ were treated by mipo during march 2005 to june 2007,then followed-up all the cases.results using mipo to treat the tibial plateau fracture in reducing bleeding and operating time,all cases had no tresis vulnus infection and necrosis,no fracture disunion,no loosening and breaking of internal fixations,etc.the knees function regained well.conclusion treating tibial plateau fractures with mipo has little obstructe in environment of fracture healing through minimally invasive,has fortes of minimally invasive,firm of internal fixations,low rate of infection,high rate of fracture healing,can reduce the complications,fit principle of biologic fixation.

目的 讨论应用微创接骨板固定术在治疗胫骨平台骨折中的临床意义及手术方法。方法运用mipo技术治疗2005年3月～2007年6月34例schatzkerⅰ～ⅴ型胫骨平台骨折，并对其进行随访观察。结果运用mipo技术治疗胫骨平台骨折，手术时间短，术中出血量少，没有发生伤口感染坏死、骨折不愈合和内固定松动、断裂等并发症，术后患者膝关节功能恢复良好。结论 mipo在治疗胫骨平台骨折时以微创来提供尽可能少受干扰的骨折愈合环境，具有创伤小、固定确实、感染率低、骨折愈合率高等优点，减少了并发症的发生，符合生物学固定的原理。

Skin Flap for Transtibial (Below-the-Knee) Amputation 经胫骨截肢术的皮瓣 Load transfer following transtibial amputation appears to be enhanced when the residual limb has a large osseous surface area coered with a durable soft-tissue enelope composed of a well-cushioned mobile muscle mass and full-thickness skin.

当残肢大的骨表面区域覆盖有缓冲作用好的可移动肌肉团和全厚皮肤组成的耐久软组织包封时，经胫骨截肢术后荷重转移似乎增强了。

Skin Flap for Transtibial (Below-the-Knee) Amputation 经胫骨截肢术的皮瓣 Load transfer following transtibial amputation appears to be enhanced when the residual limb has a large osseous surface area covered with a durable soft-tissue envelope composed of a well-cushioned mobile muscle mass and full-thickness skin.

当残肢大的骨表面区域覆盖有缓冲作用好的可移动肌肉团和全厚皮肤组成的耐久软组织包封时，经胫骨截肢术后荷重转移似乎增强了。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。