胡萝卜素

After 2 months, the samples of skin, scale, head and fm ray of the carps were selected for the subsequent analysis of determining their total carotenoid contents and the absorbance values, so the above solutions were evaporated to dryness, and then were measured by the thin layer chromatography. The results show that the spectrum of total pigment of koi carp had two absorption peaks in visible light (454 nm and 470 nm). The growth rate, weight gain and specific growth rate of red-white of koi carp fed with 1.0 g/kg β-carotene tended to be obviously higher than the control group (P.05), while the FCR of groups fed with 1.0~2.5 g/kg β-carotene was significantly lower than the control group (P.05). The colouring of red-white and red region in koi carp was the best at 1.5~2.0 g/kg β-carotene in diet, while the n-carotene added in the diets did not have any effects on total carotenoid concentration of skin/scale of white region. The n-carotene mainly deposited in skin and fin ray. And it mainly transformed into astaxanthin in koi carp.

结果表明，红白锦鲤总色素光谱在可见光区（454nm和470nm）有两个吸收峰，β-胡萝卜素在1.0g/kg组的增长率、增重率、特定增长率显著高于对照组(P.05)，1.0~2.5g/kg各组的饵料系数均显著低于对照组(P.05)；对于鲤的红白和红色区域，β-胡萝卜素的添加量为1.5~2.0g/kg时，对红白锦鲤体色的增色效果最好：β-胡萝卜素对红白锦鲤白色区域总类胡萝卜素的含量影响很小；β-胡萝卜素在红白锦鲤体内的主要沉积部位是皮肤和鳍条；β-胡萝卜素在红白锦鲤体内主要转化为虾青素。

Content of Chla,β-carotene and zeaxanthin of S. platensis grown in Se decreased, violaxathin, fucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and peridinin increased, Chla and Chlb of D. salina also decreased, but carotene increased, all pigments of D. zhanjiangensis increased except violaxanthin and 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin decreased. Effect of Ge on pigments of microalgaes were different in different algaes: Chla,β-carotene and zeaxanthin of S. platensis decreased, three other carotene increased, in D. salina, violaxanthin and lutein decreased, violaxathin, fucoxanthin and 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin increased, all pigments of D. zhanjiangensis increased except fucoxanthin and peridinin decreased; Chla,β-carotene and violaxanthin of Chlorella sp increased, but fucoxanthin and peridinin decreased.

暴露于硒中的钝顶螺旋藻（S.platensis）的叶绿素A、β-胡萝卜素和玉米黄素的含量都减少，岩藻黄素、19'-乙酰氧化岩藻黄素、多甲藻素和紫黄素的含量明显增加，盐生杜氏藻的叶绿素类也减少，但类胡萝卜素的含量则增加，湛江叉鞭金藻（D.zhanjiangensis）中除紫黄素和19'-乙酰氧化岩藻黄素有减少外，其它色素都增加；锗对四种微藻光合色素的影响也不尽相同，钝顶螺旋藻（S.platensis）的叶绿素A、β-胡萝卜素及玉米黄素含量减少，岩藻黄素、19'-乙酰氧化岩藻黄素和紫黄素的含量增加，盐生杜氏藻中除紫黄素和叶黄素有增加外，其它色素都减少，湛江又鞭金藻（D.zhanjiangensis）正相反，除岩藻黄素和多甲藻素有减少外，其它色素都增加，小球藻的叶绿素A、β-胡萝卜素和紫黄素增加较大，但岩藻黄素和多甲藻素则减少。

The modulator could make different effect on fermentation, kerosene and triton-XlOO has little effect on fermentation, but span-20 and J3 -ionone could enhance the productivity of J3 -carotene, significantly. The content of 3 -carotene in the medium reach 2~3 times of the control experiments by adding Ig/L span-20.The effect of the mycelial morphology on producing 3 -carotene of Blakeslea tripora was also investigated.

在研究前体物和促进剂对p一胡萝卜素生产影响时发现：复合前体物添加可以提高产率到2.4倍；研究了不同小分子效应物对三抱布拉氏霉菌合成p一胡萝卜素的影响，结果表明：煤油、trinton一X 100对菌体中p一胡萝卜素含量影响较小，sPan一20可以提高卜胡萝卜素的产量，其中添加sPan一20可使p一胡萝卜素产量提高到2一3倍。

While early studies focused on the potential roles in health and disease of provitamin A carotenoids, such as b-carotene, research over the past decade has provided a framework for our understanding of the functions of non-provitamin A carotenoids such as lycopene, especially in regards to its association with a reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases, including cancer.

人们早期的研究多关注于如β胡萝卜素等维生素A前体类胡萝卜素对于健康和疾病的潜在作用，而近几十年的研究为对于如番茄红素等非维生素A前体类胡萝卜素的功能认知提供了参考，特别是关于它与降低包括癌症在内等慢性病的患病风险的联系。

The selective absorption of carotenoids and the specific interaction between carotenoids during their absorption which people focus attention upon are discussed.

细胞对β-胡萝卜素的摄入和分泌表现出浓度依赖性、时间依赖性和饱和性；对不同类胡萝卜素的吸收表现出选择性；类胡萝卜素在吸收过程中表现出相互影响。

The results showed that the rate of photosynthesis, the contents of individual and total carotenoids and the pool size of xanthophyll cycle decreased with age increasing of the leaf.

结果表明：随着叶片的衰老，光合速率、类胡萝卜素不同组分及总的类胡萝卜素含量和叶黄素循环库下降；不同叶龄的叶片经高光胁迫后，第 5叶qN增加的幅度比第 6叶和老叶(第 3和 4叶)大；与高光胁迫前相比，第 3、4、5和 6叶光系统Ⅱ激发压(1-qP)分别增加了 4 4 %、5 7%、19%和 4 5 %；第 5叶具有高胡萝卜素含量和高紫黄质到玉米黄质的转化，这与其呈现较强的抗高光胁迫相一致。

It was showed that pectenolone and pectenoxanthin were all found in Gonads, hepatopancreas, mantle and gill, among of them, ovary, hepatopancreas and gill possessed more carotenoid than other tissues, but no carotenoids were found in the white muscles of Yesso scallops. Hepatopancreas contains a variety other carotenoids some kind of other not identified beside pectenolone and pectenoxanthin. The result also showed that the Yesso scallop with orange muscle had more the carotenoids in a variety of tissues than the common, and the female more than the male.4 Impacts of carotenoid accumulation on morphological structure and chemical composition in orange muscle of Yesso scallopThere was no difference between the orange and white muscle obserced by conventional HE staining, while musclular fiber type and matrix density in the orange muscle was different from white ones by the TEM observation of ultra-thin slices, and there were three musclular fiber types, among of them, the loose muscular fiber was orange muscle specifically.

利用HPLC法对橘红/白色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝各组织中含有的类胡萝卜素种类和含量，结果表明，虾夷扇贝在性腺、肝胰腺、外套膜、鳃丝中均含有类胡萝卜素pectenolone和pectenoxanthin，白色闭壳肌中未检测到类胡萝卜素，其中肝胰腺除上述两种类胡萝卜素外，还含有其他多种未鉴定的类胡萝卜素；在各组织中，雌性性腺、肝胰腺、鳃丝中类胡萝卜素的含量较高；橘红色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝各组织中的类胡萝卜素含量高于白色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝；雌性虾夷扇贝中的类胡萝卜素的含量高于雄性。4累积类胡萝卜素对虾夷扇贝闭壳肌的形态结构和化学成分的影响本文对橘红色闭壳肌进行了常规HE染色切片观察，并未观察到异常现象；超薄切片透射电镜观察发现橘红色闭壳肌在肌纤维类型及基质密度等方面有别于白色闭壳肌，在橘红色闭壳肌中有三种肌纤维，其中疏松型肌纤维为橘红色闭壳肌特有。

This is the first report of pectenolone and pectenoxanthin, two types of carotenoid, in the muscle of the Yesso scallop.3 Roles of the carotenoids composition and accumulation in Yesso scallopThe method for detecting carotenoids using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography was developed. The conditions of RP-HPLC analysis were an analytical scale (200×4.6 mm, inner diameter 5μm) Eclipse XDB-C18 column of Agilent corporation; 10μl injection volume; 25°C column temperature; acetonitrile, methanol and methylene dichloride mobile phase (40:56:4, V/VV) with 0.1% BHT; 1.0 ml per minute flow rate; 450 nm UV-VIS detector; 8 minutes elution.The carotenoids from orange muscle of Yesso scallop of 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 22 months old was detected using the method refered above.

通过柱层析、高效液相等手段对橘红色闭壳肌中的主要类胡萝卜素进行了提取分离，分离提纯得到两种类胡萝卜素，并通过MS、~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR对其进行结构鉴定，结果表明(3S，3\'R)-3，3\'-dihydroxy-7\'，8\'-didehydro-β，β-Caroten-4-one和(3S，3\'S)-7，7\'，8，8\'-tetradehydro-β，β-Carotene-3，3\'-diol，俗称pectenolone和pectenoxanthin是橘红色闭壳肌中的主要类胡萝卜素，这是国内外首次对虾夷扇贝闭壳肌中的类胡萝卜素进行提纯及结构鉴定。3虾夷扇贝类胡萝卜素的种类组成和累积变化规律建立了橘红色闭壳肌中类胡萝卜素的HPLC分析定量检测技术：色普柱为Agilent公司的Eclipse XDB-C18柱200mm×4.6mm，i.d.5μm进样体积，5μl ；流速1ml/min；检测波长450nm；柱温25℃；流动相为乙腈：甲醇：二氯甲烷(V/V/V=40：56：4并加入0.1%的BHT；分离时间为8min。

Total carotenoid content, use in earlier years mainly to assess carotenoids as natural colourants, is on longer considered adequate, for a long time quantification of only B carote...

总类胡萝卜素内容，用途在早期主要估计类胡萝卜素作为自然染料，在长期认为充分，长期仅B胡萝卜素的量化或maior维生素A类胡萝卜素被执行了。

3 Carotenoids were identified by chromogenic reaction, thin-layer chromatography ,and spectroaanalysis,and were compared with maize yellow pigment and β.

从小米中提得天然食用黄色素，通过显色反应、薄层层析和光谱分析，并与玉米黄色素和β—胡萝卜素标准品相对照，确定其主要化学成分为类胡萝卜素，可能有：玉米黄素(3，3′—二羟基—β—胡萝卜素)，隐黄素(3—羟基—β—胡萝卜素)和叶黄素(3，3′—二羟基—α—胡萝卜素)等。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。