胞质体

These results suggested that many organella could all develop into amyloplast, variation of amyloplast envelope resulted in amylopast proliferation, RER played an important role in synthesis and deposition of protein, ER showed many functions during endosperm development, intercellular space and plasmalemma invagination played an important role in transportation of nutrients, degeneration of starchy endosperm nucleus was a special PCD, Ca〓 and phosphatases played an important role during endosperm development.

上述结果表明：多种细胞器可以趋同发育成淀粉质体，淀粉质体增殖来源于其被膜的活动，粗面内质网在蛋白质的合成与积累中具有重要作用，内质网在胚乳发育中具有多种功能，胞间隙和质膜内陷在营养物质的运输中具有重要作用，淀粉胚乳细胞核的衰退是一种特殊形式的编程性死亡，Ca〓和磷酸水解酶在胚乳发育中起重要作用。

ER took part in cell wall material deposition during endosperm cell construction. ER rounded up matrix forming endocytic vacuole. ER cisterna swelling and accumulating starch developed into amyloplast. ER took part in protein synthesis and deposition, played a core role in protein body formation. ER swelled at the end to form many vesicles. ER was associated with the plasmodesmata, helped transporting nutrients at the development and differentiation stage.

内质网参与胚乳细胞构建中细胞壁物质的积累；内质网包裹基质形成吞噬体，为胚乳的发育提供营养；内质网槽库膨大，积累淀粉转变成淀粉质体；内质网参与蛋白质的合成与积累，在蛋白体的形成中处于核心地位；内质网末端节状膨胀，形成潴泡；灌浆高峰期内质网常与胞间连丝相连，有助于物质的运输。

W7 was added when the cells entered anaphase, we found that although some cells had elongated, the distribution patternof CaM at central spindle was normal, and it seemed that a cleavage furrow would possibly form soon, however, these cells stopped cytokinesis at this stage, no furrow ingression followed.

本实验中我们还观察到在胞质分裂后期，CaM与Y一微管蛋白共分布于中体两端。W7处理同步化在胞质分裂后期的细胞，不但使中体解聚发生延迟，而且抑制了Y一微管蛋白与中体的解离。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

Astasia longa, a colorless and saprophytic species that retains its proplastid structure and a relic of plastid DNA, permanently loses the capability to develop chloroplasts from proplasts.

无色、腐生型的长变胞藻具有原质体结构和质体DNA的残余，永久性地失去了由原质体发育成为色素体的能力。

At interphase, there is no cytoplasmic channel in the cell walls of PMCs; At zygonema and pachynema, a lot of cytoplasmic channel, ranging in diameter from 150nm to 600nm, appears; After pachynema, the number of channels decrease rapidly.

在间期的花粉母细胞间未见胞质通道，胞质通道在偶线期前后形成并开放，在粗线期以后迅速减少。在细线期和偶线期，花粉母细胞细胞质膜与细胞壁之间的质外体出现大量的小泡，即所谓的壁旁体。

The result showed that, the body wall most outer layer cuticle assumesthe translucent porodine, the surrounding entire body wall; Close isconnected with the cuticle 表皮层 for 合胞体 the structure, inthe back, the abdomen and its two sides separately adds thick to inprominent Cheng Jizhuang, separately contains the back side,腹侧the nerve and compares to the developed back, the abdomen nerve; Themyo- position to the body wall most inner layer, has the muscle cellto arrange becomes; Between the body wall and the digestive tractcavity is a body cavity; Digestive tract for 肌质 structure, afterinference for roundworm's esophagus.

结果显示，体壁最外层的角质层呈半透明的胶状，包围整个体壁；与角质层紧密相连的表皮层为为合胞体构造，在背、腹及其两个侧面分别加厚向内突出成脊状，分别包含背侧、腹侧神经和相比对发达的背、腹神经；肌层位于体壁最内层，有肌细胞排列而成；体壁与消化道之间的空腔为体腔；消化道为肌质结构，经推断为蛔虫的食道。

However, the membrane of toxopalsma in liver tissues was stickled out and broken, vacuole lied in cytoplasma, mitochondrion and endoplasic reticulum were swollen or broken, and dense granules were disappearing TEM ×10000

肝组织内弓形虫随扁桃酸作用时间的延长，其受损程度明显加重。在治疗早期(24、72h)肝组织内虫体胞膜突出、破裂，胞质中出现空泡，线粒体和内质网肿胀或破裂，致密颗粒消失，虫体电子密度降低(图2B)。

FCM appeared obvious inferior diploid peak and blocked the cells to the G_1 phase.The red particles throughout the cytoplasm and permeated the plasma membrane could also be seen.Chromatin lining and breeding body could be seen under the transmission electron microscope.

FCM出现明显的亚二倍体峰并将细胞阻滞于G1期，Annexin-V-FITC联合法染色可见细胞凋亡的特征性贯穿胞质穿过胞膜的红色颗粒，电镜下可见染色质边集及生发小体的凋亡形态特征。

Dense cytoplasm with abundant mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulums, multivesicular bodies, vesicles and plastids were observed in normal light intensity.

在正常光照下的伴胞具有致密的细胞质，内含丰富的线粒体、内质网、多泡体、囊泡和质体，而弱光下的伴胞明显液泡化，同时含有少量的线粒体和内质网。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。