胞质

The ultrastructure resultshowed that in model group blood intima was adema,broadening, evendiscontinuous and incomplete under blood vessel bast. In the blood themonocyte and the lymphocyte infiltrated to intension board. Manymacrophages could befound and there were massive all levels of dissolve theenzyme body and swallow slightly soak in its cytoblastema,The endosarc netand the ribose body was increased and outside the amnion the pseudopodappeared. Endothelial cell morphogenesis changed. It is obvious thatmitochondria was dropsy, cytoblastema was non-uniformity.

超微结构结果显示模型组血管内皮下内膜水肿、增宽，甚至间断不完整；血中单核细胞及淋巴细胞向内弹力板浸润，可见较多巨噬细胞，其胞浆内含大量各级溶酶体及吞噬小泡，内质网及核糖体增多，胞膜外出现伪足；内皮细胞形态发生改变，可见线粒体水肿，胞浆不均匀；中药治疗后，上述病理损害明显减轻。

Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有按摩明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数按摩明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

The extent of vesiculation was reversible along the time course .the mortality was low even under the constant presence of PCE for six days. At the end of the experiments ,the formerly vesicular cytoplasm was replaced with well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum ,a cytoskeletal system ,and numerous regeneration organelles .

取而代之的则是产生大规模的自我吞噬及发泡反应的现象﹐培养到第六天时﹐不但发泡反应几乎完全消失﹐细胞质中更且充斥了极发达的胞器﹐尤其是数量极多的平滑内质网﹐细胞骨架系统﹐以及不同型态之再生性胞器﹐另外在整个为时六天的PCE处理下的细胞之共同特徵是难以计数的胞饮小泡﹐表示细胞非常活跃地进行著物质交换。

Methods S. epidermidis atlE gene expression level at different phases was detected by RT-PCR, and the accumulation of extracellular DNA at different phases was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of light absorbance by DNA; DNase Ⅰ was used to study the function of extracellular DNA in biofilm formation and primary attachment. The effects of atlE gene deletion on initial adherent capacity, biofilm formation and extracellular DNA release were studied by construction of atlE deletion mutant via homologous recombination.

采用RT-PCR法检测表皮葡萄球菌atZE基因在不同时期的表达水平，用紫外分光光度计检测DNA的方法检测了相应时期的胞外DNA的释放量，并用DNA酶研究表皮葡萄球菌胞外DNA在生物膜形成和起始黏附中的作用；采用ρBT2质粒同源重组敲除的方法构建了表皮葡萄球菌1457的atlE基因突变株，研究atlE基因敲除突变对起始黏附能力、生物膜形成及胞外DNA释放能力的影响。

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速，应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等，其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法，它又称病毒介导的酶／药物前体疗法，是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中，该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物，从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞，常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因，前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物，然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷，作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂，干扰细胞DNA的合成；后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU），然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸（5-FUTP）和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸（5-FdUTP），5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成，5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶，导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成，最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

Results: The cultured chondrocytes were polygonal cells. There were many rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in cytoplasm, and a lot of secretory vesicles under cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. When cultured for 10 days, some small and white nodules were formed on the bottom of the culture dished, and volcanic-mouth-like structures were formed when cultured for 20 days. Both these nodules and structures contained GAG-positive substances were demonstrated by safranine-O staining.

结果：体外培养的软骨细胞为多角形，透射电镜下见胞浆内有丰富的粗面内质网系统及线粒体，胞膜下及胞浆中有较多分泌泡；连续培养10天时，培养瓶底部出现肉眼可见的白色结节，蕃红-O染色显示白色结节含大量氨基葡聚糖阳性物质，20天时形成火山口样结构，也被蕃红-O染成深红色。

In electron microscopy endothelial cell of capillary and mitochondrial was edematous obviously, the basement membranes were thickened. RGCs were vacuolated, chromatin of nucleus aggregated marginally decreased and densification. Some of RGCs were necrosis, nucleus were dissolved, mitochondria was edematous, the rough endoplasmic reticula decreased obviously.

电镜下视网膜毛细血管内皮细胞明显肿胀，胞体变圆，突向管腔，线粒体肿胀，空泡化，基底膜增厚，视网膜神经节细胞胞体变形，核明显固缩，核膜消失，胞浆空泡化，线粒体肿胀，细胞表面突起减少，多聚核糖体及粗面内质网显著减少。

Results C/EBPαand C/EBPβexpressed differently in the outer root sheath,follicular papilla,hair matrix and sebaceous gland in embryonic period.The positive signals were chiefly distributed in the nucleˉuses.The expression of C/EBPαand C/EBPβwere found in the basal cell layer of outer root sheath and sebaceous gland in the new born and maturation phase,The expression in nucleuses of outer root sheat cells decreased with the differentiation but enhanced oppositely in the cytoplasm.

结果 C/EBPα和C/EBPβ分别在胚胎期毛囊外根鞘，毛乳头，毛母质及皮脂腺细胞的胞核内强表达；新生儿毛囊峡部下端外根鞘基底层细胞的胞核内也存在强表达，基底内层胞核阳性信号逐渐减弱；而成体毛囊核内阳性信号仅定位于峡部下端外根鞘基底层及皮脂腺基底层。

At the age of 19 weeks, we have observed ciliated-mucous cells, some cells presented with mucous granules in the supranuclear cytoplasm and a ciliating border with short growing shafts, while the other cells presented with large mucous granules as well as compound cilia.

小粘液颗粒细胞呈柱状，胞浆顶部含有少量球形的粘液颗粒，细胞表面有短小的微绒毛，细胞核大呈椭圆形，胞浆电子密度高，胞浆下部有粗面内质网和线粒体，核上部有高尔基体。

After 5-7 days in the condition medium, the OPCs gradually differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes, which were characterized by the complex profile of"ramificated"or"cobweb-like"processes reticulating in their periphery.

在体外培养5-7天时OPCs逐渐定向分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞，镜下见其胞体呈圆形，胞体周围具有大量网状纤细突起，呈&分枝&状或&蜘蛛网&状分布于胞体四周。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。