胞质

These results suggested that many organella could all develop into amyloplast, variation of amyloplast envelope resulted in amylopast proliferation, RER played an important role in synthesis and deposition of protein, ER showed many functions during endosperm development, intercellular space and plasmalemma invagination played an important role in transportation of nutrients, degeneration of starchy endosperm nucleus was a special PCD, Ca〓 and phosphatases played an important role during endosperm development.

上述结果表明：多种细胞器可以趋同发育成淀粉质体，淀粉质体增殖来源于其被膜的活动，粗面内质网在蛋白质的合成与积累中具有重要作用，内质网在胚乳发育中具有多种功能，胞间隙和质膜内陷在营养物质的运输中具有重要作用，淀粉胚乳细胞核的衰退是一种特殊形式的编程性死亡，Ca〓和磷酸水解酶在胚乳发育中起重要作用。

The ultrastructural changes during the development of sieve element companion cell complex (SE/CC complex) in Populus deltoides were investigated using electronic microscopy. The result showed that SE and CC tome from the same secondary phloem mother cell. The development of sieve element went through three stages, i. e. immature, mature, and degenerate stage. In immature stages the sieve element presented radial expansion, cell wall thickening, and production of sieve plastid and P-protein. The cytoplasma selectivly autolysed in mature stage. At the same time, karyoplasm was dispersed, and nuclear envelope was not clear, or karyoplasm was disorgnized, and nuclear envelope was clear. The karyopalsm finally turned into P-protein. In degenerate stage, the cytoplasm completely disappeared, and the function was lost.

利用电镜技术研究美洲黑杨次生韧皮部筛管和伴胞发育过程中细胞超微结构的动态变化，观察到筛管和伴胞由同一个次生韧皮部衍生细胞分裂分化形成筛管约发育历经未成熟期、成熟期和衰退期的变化未成熟期筛管分子表现为细胞的径向扩展、壁的增厚、筛管质体和P-蛋白质的产生；成熟期筛管分子细胞组分发生选择性自溶，细胞核核质弥散状，核膜不清晰，或核膜清晰而核物质降解，最后细胞核完全解体转化为P-蛋白质类的物质；衰退期筛管分子细胞质完全解体消失，失去功能。

To analyze the effects of heterogeneous material characteristics on rock failure,a micro-heterogeneous physical cellular automata model is introduced according to the cellular automata theory from a general power view.In this model,the neighbor is the Moore pattern and the Weibull distribution is adopted to simulate the rock heterogeneousness.

为了分析岩石材料的非均质性对其破坏演化的影响，根据元胞自动机理论，从能量的角度建立了一种能够从细观层次上对岩石破坏演化进行模拟的物理元胞自动机模型，模型引用的Weibull随机分布函数对材料的非均质性进行描述。

This result suggests that cytomixis occurred at synizesis stage may produce some kind of stress which results in activation of retrotransposon to insert into a new locus, or/and breakage rearrangement at the site of retrotransposon in genomic DNA, that both can be detected by fingerprinning.

分析认为在兰州百合减数分裂前期Ⅰ的凝线期时，由于染色质的胞间运动造成对基因组DNA的胁迫，导致了逆转座子del的激活，所插入的位点序列即为所检测到的特异片段；或者是由于染色质的胞间运动造成染色体的断裂重排。

N perifocal tissue intracerebral hemorrhage there were rarefaction neuron,cell spaces augmentation,cell diminution,distinct demarcation of cell membrane and surrounding,and we discovered a lot of degeneration and necrosis nerve cells,cell body collapsed,pycnosis anachromasis,nucleoli disappeared. In EPO group we discovered that center area of hemorrhage shinked,nerve cells of degeneration and necrosis decreased in perifocal tissue,majority cells morphous were normal and pathological changes were light.

CH对照组在术后皮层出血中心无神经元，仅见少量胶质细胞，细胞间质空泡样改变；出血边缘区神经元稀疏，细胞间隙增大，细胞缩小，胞膜与周围分界清楚，并可见大量变性及坏死的神经细胞，表现为胞体皱缩，核固缩深染，核仁消失。rhEPO治疗组出血中心区变小，边缘区神经细胞变性坏死减少，多数存活细胞形态相对正常，病变较轻。

One was the pqsA' positive expression plasmid constructed by cloning the pqsA'-lacZ fusion digested from pYHP441 into miniCTX-1, whose sequence was then integrated into wild type PAO-1 chromosome by biparental mating procedure. The other was pqsA-E operon knock-out plasmid whose sequence between pqsD and pqsE operon was inserted by tetracycline cassette by the site specific insertion mutagenesis strategy and the mutant constructed by biparental mating of S17-1 that harbored the plasmid and pqsA' positive expression mutant.

一种是酶切质粒pYHP441获得pqsA'-lacZ片段后，亚克隆入质粒miniCTX-1中，构建成PqsA'的阳性表达质粒，随后将构建的质粒，通过双亲交配过程整合入野生型铜绿假单胞菌株PAO-1染色体组中；另一种是通过点特异插入诱变策略，将四环素基因盒插入启动子pqsD和pqsE之间，构建的阴性质粒转化入大肠杆菌S17-1株后，和上述pqsA'阳性表达突变株进行双亲交配过程。

The location and structures of sex-pheromone-producing gland in female H.insularis were studied by EAG,GC,SEM,and TEM.These studies showed that thegland situate in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninthabdominal segments,and is an eversible abdominal fold;Many plump cones disturbon the surface of the gland.The glandular cells of 2-day old virgin female H.insularis are arranged in one layer,among which the central cells are columnarepithelial cells and flat on two sides.The nucleus is irregular elliptical.There isevident conjugation between cells and the involution is more in the basal membraneof cell.Microvilli are distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane and linked withendocuticle on which there are many layers of chitin,and the outer cuticule is staineddeeper.The cell contains bubbles,mitochondria,glycogen deposits,roughendoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

结合触角电位、毛细管气相色谱、扫描电镜、透视电镜等技术对小线角木蠹蛾雌蛾腹尖末端不同组织部位提取物的测定分析以及腺体位置和形态结构的观察发现：小线角木蠹蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端8～9节之间，是一个由节间膜特化而成的上皮结构，为一可外翻的腹褶，腺体表面分布着饱满的锥形体，羽化后2天未交尾的雌蛾腺体细胞呈单层排列，腹面中央由密集的柱形上皮细胞组成，细胞排列向两侧延伸至背部，其形状由柱形逐渐变为扁平形，细胞核为椭圆形，细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较多，质膜上分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮上有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深，细胞质中含有空泡、线粒体、脂质粒、粗面内质网和光面内质网。

For further understanding the effect of the strain on K-bearing silicate mineral, an experiment with KO2 strain cultured in nitrogen-containing and nitrogen-free medium was conducted. By putting mineral powders into the medium and measuring the concentration of capsular polysaccharides, we concluded that the strain can accelerate the weathering rate of silicate minerals. The results showed that the polysaccharides secreted by the strain in the growth process could help the bacterial to adhere to the mineral surface effectively, and created the bacterium-mineral complex, which formed a mircro-enviorment avail the release of potassium. Another result was that there was higher level of Carbonic Anhydrase activity, which revealed that some exo-protein or enzyme produced by the bacterial had postive impact on the process of releasing potassium ion. We carried out the bacterial fermentation for larger scale production of the bacterial secretion, which was used to sperate, and identify the small molecules related to the mineral-bacterial interaction. After the analysis, it was found that the strain can produce many kinds of small molecules, such as 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, etc.

分别将菌株接入含有不同矿粉的培养基中培养，检测其在有氮、无氮培养基中荚膜多糖含量的变化，并在以钾长石和黑云母为矿源的情况下，比较研究了菌株在有氮、无氮培养基中对矿物的风化能力，通过一系列的实验，证实胶质芽孢杆菌在生长过程中所分泌的粘稠胞外聚糖可帮助细菌有效黏附在矿物表面，形成细菌-矿物复合体，并改变及维持该复合体内部的微环境，有助于该菌的解钾作用，而且细菌分泌的胞外蛋白质在该菌对含钾硅酸盐矿物的解钾作用过程中发挥重要作用；将胶质芽孢杆菌接入以钾长石和黑云母为矿源的有氮、无氮培养基中培养，检测到该菌碳酸酐酶活性的变化，并进行批量发酵后小分子酸性分泌产物的提取、分离、纯化与鉴定等方面的研究，结果表明，该菌可产生2-羟基苯甲酸，4-羟基苯乙酸，4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯等小分子物质。

Pathologic examination included: tubulointerstitial lesion which was the main pathologic presentation, tubular epithelial cell becoming flat, TEC necrosis and wither, departure between the cytoplasm and basis membrane, drops of protein in cytoplasm, broken basic membrane of TEC, inflammatory cells infiltrating in tubulointerstitium, tubulointerstitium fibrosis, plasm cell infiltration.

MM肾损害主要以小管-间质病变为主，病理表现为肾小管上皮细胞扁平，存在不同程度变性、坏死或萎缩，胞浆与基膜分离，胞浆内可见蛋白滴，甚至小管基膜断裂，间质炎性细胞浸润、纤维化，部分有淀粉样物质沉积，较少见浆细胞浸润。

On the termination date, the cultured explants were all examined by Western blot, HE and transmission electron microscope. Our results showed that after 12-days in culture, the cultivation treated with AS-ODN reduced the synthesis of AMBN and had a deformed dental cusp with thinner enamel matrix. Ultrastructure analyses showed that there was hardly any cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ameloblasts at the tip of the cusp of AS-ODN treatedexplants. However, on average the enamel matrix was thinner compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the collagen fibers in extracellular matrix were found disorganized. These findings seemed to provide a direct experimental evidence that tended to indicate that the arrested AMBN translation in cultured tooth germs might result in the delay of the tooth development.

经用Western蛋白印迹检测表明，所设计的反义核酸对AMBN InRNA具有良好的封闭效果并成功阻断了牙胚对AMBN的表达；在缺乏AMBN情况下，与对照组相比，实验组牙胚在体外可以继续生长发育至钟状晚期，出现成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化，成釉细胞可以分化成为分泌期型成釉细胞，胞浆中缺少合成蛋白质所必需的粗面内质网和高尔基氏体，缺乏溶酶体，表明对蛋白合成和脚的能力降低；实验组牙胚有牙尖形成和基质分泌，但牙尖形态异常，基质形成减少，牙尖周围基质最厚处为O.6卜m，明显薄于对照组的5.spin，基质中胶原纤维粗细不等，排列稀疏， 3 第四军医大学硕士学位论文未见钙化现象，充分证明了AMBN在牙胚发育中参与釉质基质形成和矿化过程，影响胶原纤维和牙本质基质的合成，促进成釉细胞对蛋白质的合成和釉质基质蛋白降解。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。