胚胎状态

Methods: The abandoned umbilical cords were collected from healthy puerpera, and ECs were cultured and proliferated under asepsis condition.

目的：探讨人脐静脉血管内皮细胞是否可作为饲养层来支持胚胎干细胞的生长，并维持其未分化状态。

A Californian biotech company claims that it has used carbon nanotubes to 'reprogramme' adult human cells to an embryonic-like state—a breakthrough that removes the elevated risk of cancer that blights other techniques.

加利福尼亚州的生物科技公司声称，该公司采用了碳纳米管，以' reprogramme '成人人体细胞向胚胎样状态有所突破，消除高风险的癌症折磨着其他技术。

In this paper, we studied M. meretrix ferritin, cathepsin B and caspase genes, which are involved in clam larval shell formation, nutrition, metabolism and apoptosis, respectively. We have cloned the three genes, investigated the temporal and spatial expression profile both at gene and protein level in trochophore (L1), D-veliger (L2), pediveliger (L3) and postlarvae (L4). The potential roles of these proteins were analyzed with specific inhibitors during larval development. Firstly, embryos were found developed into trochophore-like larvae with no shell if cultured at gastrula stage in artificial seawater without iron. Shell-like structures were formed only in the presence of iron. The larvae which had been transferred at L1 stage into ASW developed normal shell. This indicated that iron and iron associated protein are important for larval shell formation. The EST sequence which is homologous with ferritin, which is a principal iron metabolic protein, was selected from the M. meretrix cDNA library. The full-length of ferritin subunit cDNA was cloned by RACE. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the MmeFer mRNA expression changed before and after the larval shell formation.

本论文以文蛤幼虫为研究对象，分别对文蛤幼虫发育过程中贝壳形成相关的铁蛋白、营养及变态相关的组织蛋白酶B及变态过程中细胞凋亡相关的caspase三个基因进行了克隆，分析了基因及编码蛋白在担轮幼虫期(L1)、D形幼虫期(L2)、壳顶幼虫期(L3)和稚贝期(L4)的时空表达特征，解析了其可能的功能，并研究了相应酶类的特异性抑制剂作用对幼虫发育过程的影响，进行了目标蛋白的功能验证，详述如下：研究结果显示，在文蛤胚胎发育到原肠胚时放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养，发育成无壳的畸形，随着人工海水中铁离子添加浓度的升高，幼虫长出壳状组织接近正常状态；而发育到L1期幼虫放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养却可以发育出正常的壳，推测铁和铁代谢相关蛋白在幼虫贝壳初始形成有重要的作用。

Cases were considered as heterozygous if PCR amplification of undigested DNA showed two major bands with equal intensity. Cases with only one major band were homozygous for HUMARA and thus uninformative.

2·讨论一、克隆状态分析与HUMARA分析在胚胎发育早期，女性体细胞的两条X染色体中，随机地有一条发生失活，因此正常女性组织的X染色体失活方式为随机性。

BACKGROUND: Embryonic stem cells develop from early blastular inner cell mass. Under proper condition, ESCs can maintain undifferentiated state in vitro, normal diploid nuclear type, and proliferative potential. In addition, ESCs possess multi-directional differentiation capacity and can differentiate into all sorts of cells of three germ layers.

背景：胚胎干细胞来源于发育早期囊胚的内细胞团，适当条件下能在体外维持未分化状态、正常二倍体核型及无限增殖能力，且具有多向分化潜能，能够发育分化成机体3个胚层的所有类型细胞。

Normally quiescent mature ependymal cells appear to revert to an embryonic state in response to spinal cord injury.

正常情况下静止的室管膜细胞在脊髓损伤后表现出胚胎期原始细胞的增殖状态。

Competence A characteristic of embryonic cells and meristematic cells whereby they have the potential to differentiate into any of several different types of cell.

感受态：胚胎细胞和分生组织细胞具有的一种生理状态，它们可以具有分化为各种类型细胞的能力。

The adhesive capacity of differentiated cells that stably expressed E-cadherin was markedly enhanced. Compact cell connection and multi-layer growth state remained at 19 days. While non-transfected ESCs gradually changed from embryoid bodies into noncohesive cell populations.

稳定表达上皮型钙粘蛋白的分化细胞间黏附能力明显增强，并在19 d时仍能保持致密的细胞连接和多层生长状态，普通胚胎干细胞则由拟胚体结构逐渐分化为松散的细胞群落。

Objective To investigate the proliferative and osteogenic activity of periosteal osteoblasts, calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells from the same embryo.

目的 比较从同一胚胎来源的骨膜成骨细胞、颅骨成骨细胞和骨髓基质干细胞的分裂增殖能力和细胞的功能状态。

As a member of POU transcription factor family, Oct-4 plays an important role in mammalian early embryonic development and takes part in maintenance of cellular totipotence and undifferentiated state.

Oct-4属POU家族蛋白，是一类在动物早期胚胎发育过程中起重要作用的转录因子，参与维持细胞的全能性及未分化状态。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失