胚胎形成的

LITERATURE EVALUATION: The 32 literatures are about ESCs transcription regulation, the role of FoxD3 for embryonic development and maintaining the pluripotency of ESCs and the function of FoxD3 in other cells （myeloid cells, nervous crest cells and chromatophore cells）.

FoxD3是叉头框（Forkheadbox，Fox）家族中的一个转录调控因子，它对胚胎上胚层及其衍生物的形成和建立多潜能胚胎干细胞系具有重要作用，并与控制胚胎发育和胚胎干细胞多能性的其他转录调控因子有一定的联系。

Study of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus.

胚胎学：研究胚胎和胎儿的形成和发育的学科。

Embryological observations on Crawfurdia delavayi, Tripterospermum cordatum, T. chinense, Gentiana striata and Pterygocalyx yolubilis show that the group under study is greatly diverse in differentiation and development of anther wall, type of ovule and placentae, synergid and antipodal cell in embryo sac, testa and embryogeny etc. The embryological characters are different among Crawfurdia, Tripterospermum and Gentiana Sect.

胚胎学 本文对披针叶蔓龙胆C.delavayi、双蝴蝶T.chinense、峨眉双蝴蝶T.cordatum、条纹龙胆G.striata和翼萼蔓P.voiubilis作了较详细的胚胎学研究，这些类群在花药壁的分化和形成、胚珠和胎座类型、卵器中的助细胞和反足细胞、种皮以及胚发育等特征上存在差异，并且在胚胎学特征上各自拥有原始和进化的性状。

Furthermore, we investigated the dynamic characteristics of lamin B by immunofluorescence during the nuclear envelope reconstruction of PM-embryos.

本研究表明：在去除抑制剂3h后未能形成核膜的胚胎进一步卵裂，而形成核膜的PM胚胎培养24h未见进一步发育。

The study was done to compare the induction efficiency of human embryonic stem cells to neuroepithelial progenitor cells in human embryonic fibroblasts,mouse embryonic fibroblasts and feeder free systems.

中文摘要：［摘要］比较人胚胎干细胞在人胚胎成纤维细胞、鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层和无饲养层3个诱导体系下形成神经上皮祖细胞的能力。

Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into neuroepithelial progenitor cells in both feeder containing and feeder free systems,yet feeder free system has a relatively lower inductive efficiency with part of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

人胚胎干细胞在有饲养层和无饲养层体系中均可诱导分化形成神经上皮祖细胞，但无饲养层体系的效率相对较低，且有未分化胚胎干细胞残余。

During the process of nuclear reprogramming, the zygotes of the normal embryos and the donor nuclei of thecloned embryos cease their unique repertoire of gene expression and reset their gene expression to the totipo-tent status, and then the normal and cloned embryos redifferentiate from the totipotent status to variousdifferentiated states for tissue generation or organogenesis.

通过细胞核重编程，首先，受精卵和克隆胚胎的供体核停止其特有的基因表达程序，恢复为全能状态的基因表达程序；然后，受精胚胎和克隆胚胎的细胞再从全能状态重新进入分化状态，最终形成各种组织和器官。

The sex cells are called gametes and when they join ,they form an embryo, which is a very young organism

性细胞被称作结合体，当他们结合时就形成了胚胎，胚胎是生物体的初期阶段。

ES cells were maintained on gelatin-coated dishes in Iscove's modified Dulbecco medium containing 0.1 mmol/L of nonessential amino acids, 2 mmol/L of L-glutamine, 0.1 mmol/L of monothioglycerol, 15% fetal bovine serum, and 1000 U/mL leukemia inhibitory factor. Embryonic bodies were firstly formed by ES cells with hang drip method in IMDM without LIF. Six-day-old EBs were trypsinized and the cells were resuspended at a concentration of （3-4）×109 L-1 cells per 1 mL of a 1:1 mixture of culture medium and Matrigel?

实验方法：将鼠胚胎干细胞株接种于被覆明胶的培养瓶内，加入含0.1 mmol/L非必需氨基酸、2 mmol/L L-谷酰胺、0.1 mmol/L二羟基丙硫醇、15%胎牛血清、1 000 U/mL白血病抑制因子的IMDM培养液。3 d后采用&悬滴法&使细胞在不含白血病抑制因子的上述IMDM培养液中形成胚胎体，6 d后胰酶消化得到胚胎干细胞，浓度调整为（3~4）×109 L-1，与Matrigel？

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失