胚胎形成的

The blastula formation whose embryos were from different sources was compared and the blastomere number, quality classification and the relationship between the parity of the blastomere number and the blastula formation at d 3 were studied.

比较不同来源胚胎囊胚形成情况和d3胚胎的卵裂球数、质量分级等；并利用废弃胚胎囊胚形成情况对体外受精妊娠结局进行预测。

In blastula embryos and 50% epiboly embryos, the zygotic pou2 transcript is also distributed in every blastomere cell. At the stage of 90% epiboly, expression of pou2 converges to the dorsal midline of embryos and locates in two waves of lateral neural plate and two transverse stripes in the brain region. In embryos at 100% epiboly, pou2 transcript is restricted in the neural plate and areas of presumptive midbrain amid himdbrain. From somite stage, gibel carp pou2 can not be detected any more, which is consistent with the RT-PCR result.

在高囊胚期和50%下包期，高度表达的合子转录本仍在所有的胚盘细胞中，但至90%下包期时，pou2的表达向胚胎背部的正中线汇聚，集中在神经板的两侧区域和脑部的两条横向条带在100%下包期时，pou2的表达集中在神经板的中间区域以及预期形成的中后脑区域至体节期时，转录本消失，这与RT-PCR结果高度一致。

Neurulation is an important stage in the embryo development of vertebrate, during which the ectoderm thickens into epidermal neural plate and then forms neural folds and neural tube.

脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中，神经胚期是一个重要的发育时期。这个阶段胚胎外胚层增厚形成上皮型神经板，神经板两侧隆起形成神经褶，随后神经褶两侧向背中线合拢并愈合成神经管。

Histological structures of bursas of Fabricius were observed at the different developmental stages from chicken embryoes to chickens. The results were as follows. The bursa of Fabricius began to develop on the 13th day of post-hatching and its cell aggregated into the nodosity clique underneath the epithelium mucosae. On the 15th day of post-hatching, those cell cliques were surrounded by the flat epithelium and formed the basic structure of folliculus lymphaticus. The number of lymphocytes in the folliculus lymphaticus increased gradually, and the medulla and cortex of a majority of folliculus were not discriminated obviously. Until on the 7th day for chickens, the medulla and cortex of folliculus formed completely and the number of folliculus increased significantly. From 21 to 35 days old, the folliculus lymphaticus transformed from polygon into rectangle. Mucosa epithelial cells increased gradually and their cytoblasts arranged compactly into aline in the basilar part on the 35th day.

本研究观察了从鸡胚到出壳后的不同生长发育阶段法氏囊的组织结构，结果表明：胚胎13日龄时，法氏囊开始发育，粘膜上皮下形成结节状细胞集团；胚胎15日龄，聚集的细胞集团形成初始的淋巴滤泡；胚胎18日龄到出壳后1日龄，滤泡内淋巴细胞数量增多，多数滤泡髓质和皮质界限仍不明显；7日龄雏鸡法氏囊髓质皮质分界清晰，滤泡数量显著增多；21日龄到35日龄，滤泡由多边形逐渐转变成长方形；在35日龄时，粘膜上皮细胞逐渐增多，排列紧密，细胞核紧密排列成直线位于基底部。

The study, led by Benjamin Alman from the Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, investigated the role of the beta-catenin signaling pathway, which activates T cell factor -dependent gene transcription, and which is known to have a key regulatory role in embryonic skeletal development.

这一研究的主要负责人是来自加拿大多伦多儿童医院的Benjamin Alman，他的小组主要研究了beta-catenin信号路径的作用，这一分子信号主要负责激活和T细胞因子相关的基因转录，而科学家们已经知道以上这一激活过程对于胚胎期间的骨骼形成起着关键的调控作用。

Therefore to study the molecule regulation mechanism of development and maturation of condylar cartilage in embryo, can not only discover the mechanism of its physiological rebuilding and restoration to set up the academic base for related treatment in clinic, but possiblely supply new treatment methods for trauma and destruction to articular cartilage. Histological and immunohistochemistry methods have been used to state the feature of development of the mandibular condylar cartilage, and molecule mechanism of its endochondral ossification.

目前对四肢关节软骨、生长板软骨的发生及再生修复的研究较为深入，而髁突软骨的发生、生理改建及再生修复机制的研究尚处于起步阶段，因此研究胚胎期髁突软骨发育及形成的分子调控机制，可望揭示其生理性改建及损伤修复的机制，为临床有关治疗奠定理论基础，并可能为关节软骨的损伤及破坏提供新的治疗手段。

The results of study show:1. White pulp and red pulp in parenchyma of spleen of embryo can be obviously discerned after 18 days. Periarterial lymphoid sheath and ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath also can be obviously discerned in spleen of 4 days chicken. T, B lymphocytes in appendix basement of embryo emerge after 20 days. It is the initial shape of cecal tonsil. Crypt structure of conjunction of esophago and stomachus glandularis form obviously at 4 days. It is the initial shape of esophago tonsil. The germinal center firstly emerges in these three organs at 14 days. With the increase of day age, the characteristic structure peripheral immune organs gradually develop mature. Spleen achieve mature at 21 days and cecal tonsil at 35 days.2. IgM~+ and IgA~+ cells in spleen of embryo emerge at 15 days. IgG~+ cell, CD3~+ and CD8~+T lymphocytes of embryo emerge at 20 days. CD3~+, CD8~+ and IgM~+ cells in cecal tonsil of embryo emerge at 20 days. However CD4~+, IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells all emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust. CD3~+, CD4~+, CD8~+, IgM~+ and IgG~+ cells in esophago tonsil of embryo all emerge at 20 days. However IgA~+ cells emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust.3. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in peripheral immune organs increase follow with the increase of day age, and hold an upgrade tendency. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in spleen achieved stabilization at 21 days, and in tonsil of esophago and appendix at 35 days.

研究结果表明：1、在组织结构方面，脾脏实质内的白髓与红髓在胚胎18日龄后明显可辨，4日龄雏鸡脾脏中形成明显可辨的动脉周围淋巴鞘和椭球周围淋巴鞘；盲肠基部T、B淋巴细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，即初步形成盲肠扁桃体；食管与腺胃结合处在4日龄时形成明显的隐窝结构，即食管扁桃体初步形成；14日龄时，三种器官中首次出现生发中心；随着日龄的增长，外周免疫器官特征结构不断发育成熟，脾脏在21日龄时达到成熟水平，盲肠扁桃体和食管扁桃体在35日龄时达到成熟水平。2、在T、B淋巴细胞出现时间方面，脾脏中IgM~+和IgA~+细胞在胚胎15日龄时开始出现，IgG~+细胞、CD3~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞在胚胎18日龄时出现，CD4~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时出现；盲肠扁桃体中CD3~+、CD8~+和IgM~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而CD4~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞均在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现；食管扁桃体中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、IgM~+和IgG~+细胞均在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而IgA~+细胞则在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现。3、在T、B淋巴细胞数量变化方面，外周免疫器官中T、B淋巴细胞的数量随日龄增长，整体均呈上升趋势。

In the first stage of embryonic development, the vital principle has merely vegetative powers; then a sensitive soul comes into being, educed from the evolving potencies of the organism -- later yet, this is replaced by the perfect rational soul, which is essentially immaterial and so postulates a special creative act.

在第一阶段的胚胎发育的重要原则，只是营养权力；然后一个敏感的灵魂形成， educed从不断变化的效力的生物体-后来然而，这是所取代完善合理的灵魂，基本上是无关紧要所以假设一个特别创意的行为。

The new cells also produced all the molecules known to be characteristic of stem cells and, when grown in bulk, organised themselves into three-layered structures characteristic of embryos.

新的细胞也产生了所有具备干细胞特征的分子结构。随着不断的繁殖，最终形成一个具备胚胎特征的三层组织。

Because of fetal growth and development and maxillofacial region as early as the third week of embryonic development began, the deciduous tooth germ in the second month of pregnancy will be begun to take shape.

因为胎儿颌面部的生长发育早在胚胎发育的第三周就开始了，乳牙的牙胚在怀孕的第二个月便开始形成。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失