胚胎发育

Therefore to study the molecule regulation mechanism of development and maturation of condylar cartilage in embryo, can not only discover the mechanism of its physiological rebuilding and restoration to set up the academic base for related treatment in clinic, but possiblely supply new treatment methods for trauma and destruction to articular cartilage. Histological and immunohistochemistry methods have been used to state the feature of development of the mandibular condylar cartilage, and molecule mechanism of its endochondral ossification.

目前对四肢关节软骨、生长板软骨的发生及再生修复的研究较为深入，而髁突软骨的发生、生理改建及再生修复机制的研究尚处于起步阶段，因此研究胚胎期髁突软骨发育及形成的分子调控机制，可望揭示其生理性改建及损伤修复的机制，为临床有关治疗奠定理论基础，并可能为关节软骨的损伤及破坏提供新的治疗手段。

Scientists have known that neural stem cells play a key role in both embryonic and postnatal mice, driving the development of specialized cells within the brain such as neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells.

科学家们已经知道神经干细胞在胚胎和出生后小鼠均扮演着重要角色，推动着大脑具体细胞的发育例如神经元、形细胞，胶质细胞和室管膜细胞。

Scientists hae known that neural stem cells play a key role in both embryonic and postnatal mice, driing the deelopment of specialized cells within the brain such as neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells.

科学家们已经知道神经干细胞在胚胎和出生后小鼠均扮演着重要角色，推动着大脑具体细胞的发育例如神经元、星形细胞，胶质细胞和室管膜细胞。

These results suggest that Hspa5 is required for epibolic movement and is involved in controlling of dorsal development in zebrafish embryos.

这些结果说明，Hspa5不仅对胚胎的外包过程起一定作用，而且可以抑制背部组织的发育。

In the homozygotic ZZ embryo, expression of Dmrt-1, anti-M ü ll erian hormone, Sox9 and P450 17 α-hydroxylase play a pivotal role in testicular formation.

在同型配子 ZZ 胚胎中， Dmrt-1 、抗缪勒氏管激素、 Sox9 和 P450 17 α羟化酶的表达对性腺分化并发育为睾丸起到关键的作用。

This site provides image materials on fish development, including time-lapse recordings illustrate the morphogenesis of zebrafish embryos, from early cleavage to organ rudiment formation, fish epidermal cell movies, 3-D films of zebrafish gastrulation, and much more.

该网站提供有关鱼类发育的图像材料，包括阐明斑马鱼胚胎形态发生（从早期卵裂到器官初期形成）的时间间隔录象、鱼类表皮细胞影片、斑马鱼原肠胚形成的三维影片，等等。

It dedicates to publishing herpetological monographs about the studies of the biology of amphibians and reptiles, including new species, reproduction, genetics, embryo growth, coevolution, speciation, developmental stability analysis and experimental evaluation etc.

该杂志致力于出版关于两栖动物与爬虫类动物生物学研究的爬行动物类专论，包括新的种属、繁殖、遗传学、胚胎生长、协同进化、物种形成、发育稳定性分析以及实验评价等等。

The transforming growth factor-β superfamily, a large group of highly conserved growth factors including TGF-βs, activins and BMPs, regulate a wide variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Signals from these growth factors are transduced by a group of Smad proteins. To date, there are nine vertebrate Smads, including the receptor-activated Smads , Smadsl-3, 5 and 8, the common mediator Smad4 and Smad4β, and the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and 7. Signaling is initiated when the ligand induces assembly of a heteromeric complex of type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ TGFβ receptors. Then R-Smads are directly phosphorylated by activated type I TGF-β receptors.

在多种SMADS中，SMAD5令我们产生兴趣，基于三个原因：1、Smad5基因敲除胚胎中发现卵黄囊的异位造血以及CFU-GM祖细胞数目增加，表明SMAD5可能是早期造血发育的负向调控基因。；2、应用反义核酸封闭Smad5可以逆转TGF-β对祖细胞增殖的抑制效应，表明它可能介导TGF-β信号转导，后者的异常，包括某些SMADS的功能异常，和白血病紧密相关；3、Smad5基因定位在人染色体5q21，此区域的缺失和急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症相关，因此，Smad5被怀疑为白血病抑制基因。

Although the study of a series of genes including the homeotic family has yielded remarkable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of brain regarding both human and related model organisms, a great number of novel genes remain to be investigated.

虽然含同源异型盒的基因家族等一系列基因在胚胎脑组织的表达特征及有关功能已被阐明，迄今为止，大量与人脑发育、分化相关的基因尚属未知。

Hyperglycemic is toxic to early embryo development. These findings hint that hyperglycemia may cause higher rates of congenital abnormality and early pregnancy loss in patients with diabetes.

高血糖对早期胚胎的发育具有毒性作用，提示高糖可能导致妊娠合并糖尿病患者的流产和胎儿畸形率升高。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。