胚胎发育

During embryonic development, many animals form a number of temporary structures along their anterior-posterior axis-somites. Cells in somites differentiate into sclerotome, which gives rise to vertebral column, dermatome, which gives rise to dermis, and myotome, which gives rise to skeletal muscle.

脊椎动物在胚胎发育的过程中沿身体前后轴形成一定数目的暂时性结构－体节，随着胚胎的继续发育每个体节分化成为生骨区、生皮区和生肌区，继而生成各种组织。

All of them are involved in embryogenesis,organogenesis and tumor development.

Hedgehog基因是编码一系列分泌蛋白的基因家族，在果蝇中调控胚胎发育的许多事件，且对胚胎发育过程中的细胞分化和增殖起重要作用。

Although overexpression of Hspa5 does not cause detectable defects, its knockdown by injecting Hspa5 morpholino antisense oligonucleotides results in slower epiboly during gastrulation and dorsalized phenotypes at 24 hpf, including smaller and curled tail and absence of caudal ventral fin. When Hspa5 expresison in embryos is knockdown, the expression of the dorsal markers gsc and ntl is enhanced while the expression of ventral markers is reduced.

尽管在胚胎中过量表达Hspa5对胚胎发育没有明显影响，但是利用反义吗啉环寡核苷酸抑制胚胎中Hspa5的表达会导致胚胎外包变得缓慢，24hpf出现尾部变细或卷曲、缺少腹鳍等背部化的表型，同时gsc和ntl等背部标记基因的表达增强，但eve1等腹部标记基因的表达减弱。

The experiment results showed that at the beginning of diapause, some inhibition existed in the metabolism of converting glycogen to sorbitol and glycerol in the artificially synthesized hormone induced diapause eggs and it led to increment of trehalose, sorbitol and glycerol in the eggs and advancement of diapause termination in them. As a result, some eggs could not complete fetation and died before hatching.

试验结果表明，合成滞育激素诱导形成的滞育卵在滞育初期糖原向山梨醇和甘油的代谢反应中存在某种障碍，使卵内海藻糖、山梨醇和甘油含量减少，蚕卵滞育不深，滞育提前解除，以致胚胎发育中能量供应不足，部分卵不能完成胚胎发育而在孵化前死亡。

Based on the morphological observation,the activities of SOD were measured during embryonic development of longanDimocarpus longan Lour.

在对红核子龙眼胚胎发育过程进行形态学观察的基础上，对龙眼胚胎发育过程中SOD活性变化进行测定。

Many animals form a number of temporary structures along their anterior-posterior axis during embryonic development – somites. Cells in somites differentiate to form the sclerotome, the dermotome and myotome.

脊椎动物在胚胎发育的过程中沿身体前后轴形成一定数目的暂时性结构—体节，随着胚胎的继续发育每个体节分化成为生骨节，生皮节和生肌节，继而生成各种组织。

Neurulation is an important stage in the embryo development of vertebrate, during which the ectoderm thickens into epidermal neural plate and then forms neural folds and neural tube.

脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中，神经胚期是一个重要的发育时期。这个阶段胚胎外胚层增厚形成上皮型神经板，神经板两侧隆起形成神经褶，随后神经褶两侧向背中线合拢并愈合成神经管。

The suspensor is developed fully at the stage of globular embryo and consists of 3 cells, which are degenerated later. The organization and development of the female flower and the type and synchrony of embryogenesis in Betulaceae are also discussed.

本文同时对雌花的结构和发育特点在桦木科各属中的异同、白桦胚胎发生类型及胚胎发育进程的同步性进行了讨论。

To investigate effect of sympathetic nerve on early development of embryo, a model of sympatholytic mice was established by 6-OHDA.

为了研究交感神经对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育的影响机制，通过腹腔注射6-羟多巴胺使交感神经阻断后，观察了小鼠妊娠前期胚胎早期发育和肥大细胞数量和型别的变化。

In this paper, we studied M. meretrix ferritin, cathepsin B and caspase genes, which are involved in clam larval shell formation, nutrition, metabolism and apoptosis, respectively. We have cloned the three genes, investigated the temporal and spatial expression profile both at gene and protein level in trochophore (L1), D-veliger (L2), pediveliger (L3) and postlarvae (L4). The potential roles of these proteins were analyzed with specific inhibitors during larval development. Firstly, embryos were found developed into trochophore-like larvae with no shell if cultured at gastrula stage in artificial seawater without iron. Shell-like structures were formed only in the presence of iron. The larvae which had been transferred at L1 stage into ASW developed normal shell. This indicated that iron and iron associated protein are important for larval shell formation. The EST sequence which is homologous with ferritin, which is a principal iron metabolic protein, was selected from the M. meretrix cDNA library. The full-length of ferritin subunit cDNA was cloned by RACE. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the MmeFer mRNA expression changed before and after the larval shell formation.

本论文以文蛤幼虫为研究对象，分别对文蛤幼虫发育过程中贝壳形成相关的铁蛋白、营养及变态相关的组织蛋白酶B及变态过程中细胞凋亡相关的caspase三个基因进行了克隆，分析了基因及编码蛋白在担轮幼虫期(L1)、D形幼虫期(L2)、壳顶幼虫期(L3)和稚贝期(L4)的时空表达特征，解析了其可能的功能，并研究了相应酶类的特异性抑制剂作用对幼虫发育过程的影响，进行了目标蛋白的功能验证，详述如下：研究结果显示，在文蛤胚胎发育到原肠胚时放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养，发育成无壳的畸形，随着人工海水中铁离子添加浓度的升高，幼虫长出壳状组织接近正常状态；而发育到L1期幼虫放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养却可以发育出正常的壳，推测铁和铁代谢相关蛋白在幼虫贝壳初始形成有重要的作用。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失