胚胎

From April to September, several clusters of bamboos, 3 ~ 4 m long, 1 ~ 2 m wide, were set on the sea bed at a depth of 16 to 20 m to attract their spawning, and the egg-strings were then transported to the laboratory. When the development of the embryo reached stage 24, iris of eyes being prominent as a colour circle and statolith being formed, they were transferred into different rearing conditions, i.e., 20, 25, 30, 35 o/oo and 15, 20, 25, 30 oC. The durations from stage 24 to hatching were different among all different rearing conditions. The statoliths were extracted and mounted in Crystal Bond thermoplastic cement for reading their growth rings.

每年的四月到九月为东北角软丝主要的产卵季节，竹丛被设置在沙质海床上吸引成熟的个体前来产卵，将采集到的卵串带回实验室中培养，当胚胎发育至第二十四期的时候(胚胎的虹膜及平衡石开始生成)，这些胚胎分别被转换至不同的温度及盐度条件之下培养，温度被控制在15， 20， 25， 30 oC 四种条件下，盐度则分为20， 25， 30， 35 o/oo 四种条件，共组成十六种不同的培养条件，从平衡石生成至幼体孵出所需要的时间随著培养条件的不同而有所差异，孵化所需要的时间会随著培养的温度而有很大的变化，低温的条件会将所需的时间增长许多，在正常的条件下(25oC，35o/oo)，从平衡石出限制肤出约需要9~16天。

The content variation to Chrysopa septempunctata"s vitellin was detected through ELISA. It indicated that vitellin was utilized gradually during embryonic development, and a fallowing trend in form of straightline was found in the whole embryonic development. Vitellin couldn"t be detected in just hatched larvae.

通过ELISA来测定大草蛉的胚胎发育和胚后发育中卵黄蛋白的含量变化，随着胚胎的发育，卵黄蛋白逐渐被利用，在整个胚胎发育过程中呈直线下降趋势，在刚孵化的幼虫中已检测不到卵黄蛋白的存在。

It was also observed malpighian tube and tail spine teratogenesis in embryo development test, more than 50% of daphnids being deformed during the test.

胚胎生长试验结果显示，氯化三丁基锡对大水蚤胚胎具有高毒性且导致胚胎生长畸形之比率高达50%。

It is also an ideal source of tissue engineering and cell substitutive therapy of regenerative medicine. The target of this experiment is to investigate how to isolate totipotent mouse ESCs from BALB/C species mice and to analysis some biological characteristics of ESCs.

本实验旨在研究如何从BALB／C小鼠的囊胚中分离出具有全能性的胚胎干细胞，并对胚胎干细胞集落进行培养、鉴定，以了解胚胎干细胞生物学特性，为掌握小鼠ESCs分离培养技术及将来进一步研究人ESCs打下基础。

But in 2007, scientists made a revolutionary breakthrough. Three different groups simultaneously announced that they had converted unipotent, mature skin cells back into an undifferentiated state. In other words, they had created cells that behaved like embryonic stem cells without using any embryo derived materials. These new cells, dubbed "induced pluripotent stem cells" or IPS's could then be converted into a variety of different cell types, such as pancreas, muscle or brain cells. The IPS's were created by inserting certain genes into the DNA of the adult cells.

不过，在2007年，科学家已经取得了重大突破，三个不同组织同时发表声明称：已经能将成熟皮细胞转化回心肌细胞，也就是说不通过胚胎组织就能让细胞具有胚胎干细胞的属性，能够让多种不同类型的细胞细胞如胰腺细胞，肌肉细胞或脑细胞重新转化为人造胚胎干细胞，将某种组织注入成体细胞DNA中便能产生IPS'S。

Because of this situation, we suggested that the construction of human embryonic stem cell research regulations in Taiwan should be of first priority and illegal use of human embryo or unpatentable types of human embryonic stem cell inventions should be regulated by law. Moreover, following the trend of stem cell technology, the regulation of cell therapy, gene therapy and analysis or diagnostic technologies related to stem cells should be amended to support stem cell research and research foundation, research awards or preference of business investment should be established to improve development of stem cell industry in Taiwan.

据此，本研究建议我国应优先建制人类胚胎干细胞研究管制规范，并以法律明订违法使用人类胚胎之情况或不予专利之人类胚胎干细胞发明态样，另一方面配合干细胞技术的应用趋势，对於干细胞相关的细胞疗法、基因疗法以及干细胞特性检测等潜在发展领域进行相关规范之增修，并且针对干细胞产业设立研究基金、拟定奖励研究或优惠投资方案，以达到促进干细胞产业发展之政策目的。

This week's paper shows that stem-cell lines can be grown from less developed embryos — balls of eight to ten cells — and the process could leave them unscarred I.

截至目前为止，人类胚胎干细胞都是来自受精比较久的胚胎，胚胎约有一百五十个细胞。

In conclusions: 1 The treatment that buffalo occytes are cultured in Ionomycin (5 min)+CDM (3 h)+ 6-DMAP(3 h) after ICSI with sorted sperm can improve their subsequent embryonic development; 2 The dead ultrasoniced sorted sperm can be used for ICSI; 3 The result of ICSI with sorted sperm is similar to that with unsexed sperm, but the result of IVF with sorted sperm is lower than that with unsorted sperm; 4 The treatment of heparin after ICSI with sorted sperm can improve the blastocyst development rate; 5 The development rate of blastocyst with sorted sperm was variable among buffalos indicating that sorting high quality sperm from specific buffalos can increasethe efficiency of ICSI.

结果表明：1水牛分离精子ICSI后用Ionomycin(5min)+CDM(3h)+6-DMAP(3h)方法激活处理能提高其胚胎发育率；2分离后的死精子经超声断尾也能用于水牛卵母细胞的ICSI；3分离精子的ICSI效果不低于未分离精子，但分离精子的IVF效果却低于未分离精子；4肝素能促进分离精子ICSI后的胚胎发育；5分离精子ICSI后的胚胎发育率在不同公牛之间有差异，选择能产生高质量精子的公牛进行精子分离，可以提高ICSI的效率。

Based on the experience and methods summed up by other researchers, the technique of cell culture was employed to study bovine follicular oocytes maturation, fertilization and the development of earlier embryo in vitro. The objective of this research is to upbuild and perfect a set of high-and-new-tech systems to obtain high-yield and high-quality bovine embryo, to provide technical operational regulations and ways and means to embryo engineering in practical production, to accumulate data for theoretical research.

本研究在总结前人研究的基础上，应用体外培养技术对牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎体外发育作了进一步研究，旨在建立健全一套完整的体外生产高产优质牛胚胎的高新技术体系，为胚胎工程和生产实践提供技术操作规程和方法，为理论研究积累资料。

The method of vitrification cryopreservation of mouse 2-cell embryos was studied. Several vitrification solutions named EFS30, EFS40, EDFS30 and EDFS40 were prepared. The solution contains ethylene glycol, Ficoll, sucrose and DMSO. Straw method was used to vitrify and cryopreservate in vivo mouse 2-cell embryos at room temperature (20℃ or 25℃). OPS method was used to vitrify the embryo at 25 ℃ or 37℃.

本试验以毒性低、渗透性较强的乙二醇和DMSO为主体，添加聚蔗糖、蔗糖配制的玻璃化溶液(EFS30、EFS40、EDFS30和EDFS40)，在室温(20℃和25℃)下利用细管法，以及在25℃和37℃恒温台条件下OPS法对小鼠2-细胞胚胎进行玻璃化冷冻保存，并对解冻后胚胎的体外培养、囊胚细胞计数及胚胎移植技术进行了研究。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。