胚胎

And mices'embryos of various ages were gotten and 81 of 793 embryos had fluorescence. Secondly, we directly injected the gene/ liposome complex into 5 male mice's spermaduct and 75 of 810 embryos had fluorescence.

其中睾丸注射法、输精管注射法和外源基因/精子共孵育法分别各处理公鼠5只，7d后各配母鼠25只，结果分别冲出胚胎793枚、810枚和357枚，荧光显微镜下检测到荧光的分别有81枚胚胎(10.2%)、75枚胚胎(9.26%)和53枚胚胎(14.9%)。

To expand through demonstrater to feeding technology, through prodiving fine embrgo, appraising sex,separafing embrgo and transplanting embrgo to embrgo engineering technology.To expand through contacting demonstrater with cow production ,and processing herbage technology to ternary-plant structre .

奶牛高产高效饲养技术通过生产示范进行辐射；胚胎工程技术通过提供优秀母牛胚胎、性别鉴定及胚胎分割技术服务和胚胎移植技术服务进行辐射；三元种植结构通过示范与奶牛生产结合的种植模式及配套牧草加工利用技术进行辐射。

The effects of different treatments on electrofusion of pig 2 cell embryos were studied with Hubei white pigs as experimental animals.

哺乳动物配子和早期胚胎细胞融合技术在研究卵子和早期胚胎发育中的细胞质相互作用，制作4倍体胚胎，杂种细胞构建和胚胎细胞核移植等方面有重要意义。

The effects on hepatic EROD(7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase)in Mugil so-iuy exposed to benzo pyrene,pyrene and their mixtures of equal concentration were investigated,at concentrations of 0.1,1.0,5.0,10.0,50.0μg/dm^3m,in experimental condition.

为测定真鲷胚胎CYP1A活性（ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase，EROD）对于BaP暴露的响应，将受精两天后的真鲷胚胎暴露于不同浓度的BaP（0.5，0.8，1.2，1.8μg/L），采用一种对胚胎个体无损伤的方法测定胚胎EROD活性。

The expression of subunits α5,β1,β3 was detected in normal morulas and increased in blastocysts. The expression of subunit α1 was not detected in morulas or blastocysts, but detected only in outgrowing trophocytes. 3. Expression of integrin β3 in irradiated group embryos was weaker than that of normal group. There was no expression of integrin α1 both in morulas and blastocysts in irradiated group and no difference in the expression of subunits α5 and β1 between these two groups.

结果：1、超声波照射组胚胎贴附率、滋养细胞外延生长率均显著低于正常胚胎。2、正常胚胎桑椹胚期即有α5、β1、β3整合素表达，而无α1表达；囊胚期α5、β1、β3表达增强，仍无α1表达；α1只出现在外延生长的滋养细胞。3、超声波照射组胚胎β3整合素的表达明显弱于正常组，且未见α1表达；而α5、β1的表达两组间无差异。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

Here were expression of TGFαand EGFR mRNA in unmatured oocyte, matured oocyte, embryo and the expression of TGFαand EGFR in matured oocytes were comparatively more abundant than that in unmatured oocytes.

GFαmRNA的量在8细胞期下降到最低水平，并随着胚胎基因组的激活胚胎开始转录TGFα，使TGFαmRNA表达总量保持在一定水平，持续到桑椹胚期；EGFR mRNA的量在胚胎发育到桑椹胚期下降到最低，而囊胚期胚胎中的整体表达量又上升。

The cryopreservation of fishes embryos has not reached an applicational level.The main reason is the characteristics of fishes embyros, such as big physical volume, the bad permeability of vitelline membrane, etc, which casued that traditional techniques for the incorporation of cryoprotectants could not make the cyroprotectants come into the inner part of embryos sufficiently and cryoprotectants could not protect embryos effectively.

鱼类胚胎冷冻保存经过多年研究，尽管有所突破，但目前仍未达到应用水平，其主要原因是由于鱼类胚胎体积大、卵膜通透性差等特点，导致传统的平衡法，无法使抗冻剂足够、有效的进入胚胎内部起到保护胚胎的作用。

The aim of the present study was to isolate and culture ESCs and EGCs from goat embryos and fetuses of different development stage, and to compare some factors influencing the efficiency of establishing those stem cell lines by adopting the methods of mouse and human. The results obtained were as follows: 1. A total of 46 Guanzhong dairy goats were superovulated with a result of total 307 embryos including 39 embryos of 4-cell to 16-cell, 128 morulae, 89 blastocysts and 51 hatched blastocysts. In the study, we obtain 6.67 embryos from per goat.

本研究选用关中奶山羊胚胎和胎儿为试验对象，参照小鼠和人ESCs和EGCs建系的方法，系统比较了不同培养条件和传代方法对分离培养山羊ESCs和EGCs的影响，主要获得以下结论： 1本试验共超排处理了46只/次关中奶山羊，共获得胚胎307枚，其中4~16细胞胚胎39枚，桑椹胚128枚，囊胚89枚，孵化胚51枚，平均每只山羊获得6.67枚胚胎。

At the same concentration of aluminum,the total Brown's morphogenetic score reflecting the every index of embryo growth and development and organ morphogenetic differentiation,the incidence rates of terata and the number of dead embryos were significant lower in rats exposed to stored solution compared with those exposed to newly prepared solution,especially the morbidity of embryos.

在同一浓度下，给予存放溶液的大鼠其反映胚胎生长发育的各项指标和反映器官形态分化的Brown总评分，以及畸形胚胎发生率和胚胎死亡均明显低于新溶液，其中胚胎死亡率下降幅度更大。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。