胚胎

LITERATURE EVALUATION: The 32 literatures are about ESCs transcription regulation, the role of FoxD3 for embryonic development and maintaining the pluripotency of ESCs and the function of FoxD3 in other cells （myeloid cells, nervous crest cells and chromatophore cells）.

FoxD3是叉头框（Forkheadbox，Fox）家族中的一个转录调控因子，它对胚胎上胚层及其衍生物的形成和建立多潜能胚胎干细胞系具有重要作用，并与控制胚胎发育和胚胎干细胞多能性的其他转录调控因子有一定的联系。

Although overexpression of Hspa5 does not cause detectable defects, its knockdown by injecting Hspa5 morpholino antisense oligonucleotides results in slower epiboly during gastrulation and dorsalized phenotypes at 24 hpf, including smaller and curled tail and absence of caudal ventral fin. When Hspa5 expresison in embryos is knockdown, the expression of the dorsal markers gsc and ntl is enhanced while the expression of ventral markers is reduced.

尽管在胚胎中过量表达Hspa5对胚胎发育没有明显影响，但是利用反义吗啉环寡核苷酸抑制胚胎中Hspa5的表达会导致胚胎外包变得缓慢，24hpf出现尾部变细或卷曲、缺少腹鳍等背部化的表型，同时gsc和ntl等背部标记基因的表达增强，但eve1等腹部标记基因的表达减弱。

The anatomical variation of uteruses in each group was observed, we found that the uteruses in group A had a pink color, and the shape of them seemed like a string of beads, congestions didn't existed in this group; the other four groups were all aborted to different extents, the color of uteruses in group B, D, E were purple black, embryos were small than the ones in group A, or the uteruses had a bamboo-shaped figuration, all embryos were aborted, uterine cavity had congestions, vagina also had bleeding situation; the color of uteruses in group C was incarnadine, some of the embryos had been eliminated, vagina had a slight extent bleeding.

观察各组妊娠大鼠子宫颜色及出血情况， A组胎粉红，呈串珠状，宫内未见瘀血； B、C、D、E组均出现不同程度的流产状，B、D、E组胚胎紫黑，较A组变小，或子宫呈竹节状，胚胎消失，宫腔瘀血，阴道出血；C组胚胎深红，部分胚胎消失，阴道少量出血，C组妊娠结果优于B、D、E组。2。

Results:LIF improved the development rate of early embryo at the concentration of 0.1,1 and 10ng/ml(P.05).The enhanced effects of LIF were significant for morula and blastocyst stage,not for 1～8 cell stage of embryos.Conclusion:LIF may improve the development of early mouse embryos at the appropriate concentration.

结果：①0.1ng/ml、1ng/ml和10ng/ml浓度的LIF对小鼠早期胚胎的发育和胚泡的形成有促进作用，0.01ng/ml和100ng/ml浓度的LIF对胚胎的发育无明显影响；②LIF对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响主要发生于桑椹胚和胚泡期，对1～8细胞期胚胎无明显影响。

In addition, 19 (50.0%) embryos were considered to be chromosomal mosaics due to diploid mosaicism and abnormal mosaicsm.

在≤4细胞期胚胎中，嵌合型胚胎占18.2%，但在5～8细胞期和≥9细胞期胚胎中，嵌合型胚胎的比例分别增至68.4%和50.0%。

Results Mosaicism analysis was performed on 14 normal fertilized embryos, which had more than two cells. Nine embryos had sex chromosome mosaicism. XO in male and female embryos cells were 12%and 14%respectively.

结果 有两个细胞以上的14个正常受精胚胎中9个胚胎有不同程度的性染色体嵌合，其中男性胚胎41个细胞中XO有5个，占12%；女性胚胎28个细胞中XO有4个，占14%。

Nine embryos had sex chromosome mosaicism. XO in male and female embryos cells were 12% and 14% respectively. Conclusion Identification of sex by FISH analysis of a single cleavage cell is accurate, and sex chromosome mosaicism will not affect preimplantation gender diagnosis.

结果 有两个细胞以上的14个正常受精胚胎中9个胚胎有不同程度的性染色体嵌合，其中男性胚胎41个细胞中XO有5个，占12%；女性胚胎28个细胞中XO有4个，占14%。

The major factors affected the efficiency of goat embryo nuclear transfer technique were discussed systematically in this study in order to establish an acceptable manipulation and production system of embryo nuclear transfer technique in our lab.

本研究系统的探讨了山羊胚胎细胞核移植过程中的几个主要影响因素，以期完善山羊胚胎细胞核移植操作程序和胚胎细胞核克隆胚胎生产体系。

Using the Hprt gene as a positive control, our result suggested that both the testis tissue and the male embryos from which Sry transcription can be detected failed to yield any positive results of Xist. Female embryos at the pronucleus stage and 2-cell failed to produce any positive result of Sry and Xist too.

然后利用实验一确定的PCR条件，以Hprt为阳性对照，用巢式RT-PCR对小鼠早期胚胎进行Xist基因的转录分析，结果发现，转录Sry基因的睾丸组织以及雄性胚胎，从受精卵发育到囊胚的过程中，基本上不转录Xist基因；不转录Sry基因的雌性卵母细胞和雌性胚胎，从出现原核开始，到发育至2-细胞期的过程中，Xist基因一直不转录，但是，从4-细胞期开始，一直到孵化前囊胚阶段，雌性胚胎都转录Xist基因。

The results indicated that heartbeat stage of sea perch embryo, tail bud stage of Japanese flounder and turbot embryo were suitable developmental stages for cryopreservation.

三种海水鱼类胚胎的毒性耐受力实验结果表明：无论是用methanol，还是用PG处理鲈鱼不同发育时期胚胎，都是心跳期胚胎的成活率最高；牙鲆和大菱鲆尾芽期胚胎在20％的PM32混合抗冻液中成活率分别为87％和78.55％，分别高于其原肠中期、胚孔封闭期、心跳期、出膜前期胚胎的成活率。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。