胚胎

The 3D Mouse atlas site allows visitors to query cerebral structures of a 13.5 dpc mouse embryo and view 3-D reconstructions of those structures as well as reconstructions of the entire embryo.

三维小鼠图集网站让流览者能查询出生后13.5天的小鼠胚胎的大脑结构，观察那些结构和整个胚胎的三维重建图。

We choose abortus of three to six months old as research object. In the research, we collected 35 specimen that all came from induction of labor with water bag. We successfully culture OECs from human embryo olfactory bulb by using primary culture.

一、人胚胎嗅神经鞘细胞的体外培养本研究共收集标本35例，均为3—6个月的水囊引产流产儿，采用原一代培养的方法，自人胚胎的嗅球培养出OECS。

The animals were sacrified and embryo developmental data were collected at day 9 or day 18 Results\ Most animals lost all their embryos when checked at day 9 when the pregnant mice were dosed with 50 and 100ng·-1 TCDD ...

结果50、100ng剂量在妊娠早期1～8d染毒，使多数妊娠小鼠在第9天观察时子宫内胚胎全部丢失；在妊娠1～3d和4～8d染毒，使部分妊娠小鼠胚胎丢失，另外有部分胚胎吸收或发育阻滞。

To understand the infectivity by porcine endogenous retrovirus with porcine skin fibroblast cell in vitro and in vivo, porcine skin fibroblast cell established by our laboratory were co-cultured with neo/HEK293 cell for the infection of RERV in vitro, and were subcutaneously transplantated to SCID (severe combined immuno-deficiency) mice for the infection of PERV in vivo, laying the foundation for valuation of biologic safety of xenotrans-plantation. The event of neo/HEK293 cells infected by PERV occurred during co-culture of porcine skin fibroblast cells with neo/HEK293 cells, expanding the rang of the infection of porcine endogenous retrovirus. Afterpig cells transplantated subcutaneously in SCID mice, the microchimerism (78.57%) of pig cells occurred widel, and there was phenomena of integration of PERV provirus (85.71%) in several organs or tissues remote from the injected sites, indicating infection of PERV in SCID mice in vivo. yet, there is no evidence of active viral replication in analysis of PERV env RNA of these tissues or organs.

为了解猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV在体外和体内的感染性，通过建立猪皮肤成纤维细胞系，将所建细胞系与人胚胎肾293细胞体外共培养，并移植于严重联合免疫缺陷鼠皮下进行猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV的体外和体内感染性实验，结果表明，猪皮肤成纤维细胞与人胚胎肾细胞共培养过程中，猪内源性逆转录病霉感染人胚胎肾细胞，进一步证实和拓宽了猪细胞PERV感染人细胞的范畴；猪皮肤成纤维细胞移植SCID鼠皮下后，导致SCID鼠发生猪细胞微嵌合(78.57%)和PERV在体内感染(85.71%)并且波及远离移植部位的多种组织或器官，但是并未检测出SCID鼠组织中表达PERV env RNA。

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

The Geron team began its work with what is known as a Presidential stem cell line — stem cells derived from discarded in vitro fertilization embryos that already existed in 2001 when former President Bush decided to prohibit the use of federal funds to pursue human embryonic stem cell work.

Geron团队开始他们的研究工作被称为是总统胚胎干细胞株——他们利用试管受精胚胎中丢弃不要的那些干细胞，当时在2001年前任总统布什决定禁止利用联邦基金去从事人类胚胎干细胞工作。

Toxicities of methanol, propylene glycol and n, n-dimethylformamide were lower than the others when sea perch and Japanese flounder embryos were exposed to 6 cryoprotectents, respectively.

鲈鱼尾芽期胚胎在十种稀释液中分别处理后，DS1组的胚胎成活率最高(95％)，与海水对照组没有显著差异。鲈鱼和牙鲆胚胎单一抗冻剂的毒性实验结果表明，甲醇、1，2-丙二醇和二甲基甲酰胺的毒性低于其它三种抗冻剂的毒性。

Vitrification was firstly introduced into cryopreservation of marine fish embryos in the present study. We used the sea perch , flounder and turbot embryos as materials and investigated marine fish embryos vitrification technique systemically.

本课题首次将玻璃化冷冻思想引入海水鱼类胚胎冷冻保存研究，首次利用珍贵海水养殖鱼类花鲈、牙鲆和大菱鲆不同发育阶段的胚胎做为实验材料，对海水鱼类胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存技术进行了较系统的研究。

VSD2 suitable for the eryopreservation of sea perch embryos and PM1、PM2、PM3 and PM4 suitable for flounder embryos and PMP1 suitable for turbot embryos were chosen by adjusting the ratio of cryoprotectants in BS2 and equilibrating embryos in vitrification solutions.

在基础液BS2中对抗冻剂配比进行调整，经过胚胎平衡实验，筛选出了适合于牙鲆胚胎的玻璃化液PM1、PM2、PM3和PM4，适合于大菱鲆胚胎的玻璃化液PMP1。

Would depend on the use of microscopes to a large extent due to the small size of cells and matrix components.

胚胎学研究人胚胎的发育和生长，包括胚胎的发育和胎儿的生长。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。