胚细胞

The invention discloses a connecting city white duck blastodisk fiber cell system with connecting city white duck embryo as material with preservation number at CGMCC No.1877 in cellular biology domain, which is characterized by the following: the fiber cell does not possess epithelial cell with high purity; the quality of freezing cell is stable; the active ratio can reach between 93.5% and 96.8%; the passage growth is stable and fit for big scale culture.

本发明利用连城白鸭胚胎作为材料，进行初代培养、传代培养及细胞冻存等研究。最终获得高活率、高纯度的连城白鸭胚成纤维细胞系，其保藏编号为CGMCC No.1877属于细胞生物学领域。本发明培养的成纤维细胞无上皮细胞等，细胞纯度高；冻存后细胞质量稳定，活率可达到并维持在93.5％～96.8％之间，传代生长稳定，适合大规模培养。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；神经发生；发展；发展进程

The infolding of a portion of the outer layer of a blastula in the formation of a gastrula.

由于细胞向内移动囊胚形成胚囊或肠胚的过程。

The process of forming a gastrula.

由于细胞向内移动囊胚形成胚囊或肠胚的过程。

A variation in gastrulation involving the movement of cells into endodermal and mesodermal positions through the thickened primitive streak arose in reptiles and can still be seen in bird and mammalian embryos lending support to the theory that birds and mammals evolved from reptiles.

密实的原肠胚通过细胞运动进入内胚层和中胚层，爬虫，鸟，哺乳动物的胚胎都如此。因此提出这样的理论，鸟类和哺乳动物是由爬虫进化而来的。

Here were expression of TGFαand EGFR mRNA in unmatured oocyte, matured oocyte, embryo and the expression of TGFαand EGFR in matured oocytes were comparatively more abundant than that in unmatured oocytes.

GFαmRNA的量在8细胞期下降到最低水平，并随着胚胎基因组的激活胚胎开始转录TGFα，使TGFαmRNA表达总量保持在一定水平，持续到桑椹胚期；EGFR mRNA的量在胚胎发育到桑椹胚期下降到最低，而囊胚期胚胎中的整体表达量又上升。

The aim of the present study was to isolate and culture ESCs and EGCs from goat embryos and fetuses of different development stage, and to compare some factors influencing the efficiency of establishing those stem cell lines by adopting the methods of mouse and human. The results obtained were as follows: 1. A total of 46 Guanzhong dairy goats were superovulated with a result of total 307 embryos including 39 embryos of 4-cell to 16-cell, 128 morulae, 89 blastocysts and 51 hatched blastocysts. In the study, we obtain 6.67 embryos from per goat.

本研究选用关中奶山羊胚胎和胎儿为试验对象，参照小鼠和人ESCs和EGCs建系的方法，系统比较了不同培养条件和传代方法对分离培养山羊ESCs和EGCs的影响，主要获得以下结论： 1本试验共超排处理了46只/次关中奶山羊，共获得胚胎307枚，其中4~16细胞胚胎39枚，桑椹胚128枚，囊胚89枚，孵化胚51枚，平均每只山羊获得6.67枚胚胎。

The cleavage rate of 2-cell stage was 50%, but few embryos developed into morulas and blastocysts (2%). More than 130 embryos at 2-4-cell stage were transferred into oviduct of 13 synchronized foster rabbits and 2 mice. No fetus or implantation sites were observed in both recipients.

其2—细胞胚胎的分裂率可达50％，但发育至桑椹胚和囊胚阶段的胚胎数目大大减少，只有2％的囊胚发育率。13只受体兔共移植重构胚胎121枚，结果未发现产仔或死胎，仅看到有的兔子宫有於血状。

Honghezi,Dongbi,Shieryuelongyan,etc.The results showed that the method of Calcium-alginate -embedded suspended culture shaking at50r/min was suitable for longan proto plast culture;and the optimal regeneration,with up to5%of microcolony formation,occurred when protoplasts from suspensions were cultured ...

研究结果表明，海藻酸钙包埋悬浮振荡培养(50r/min)是龙眼悬浮细胞原生质体培养的适宜培养方式，在含有多种生长调节剂的改良MS培养基(MP6)上，再生小克隆的形成频率可高达5%；采用龙眼胚性愈伤组织体胚诱导、成熟和萌发的优化方案，原生质体再生小克隆分化子叶形胚状体的频率达100%，萌发植株的频率一般大于45%。

The methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay were employed to detect endogenous contents of abscisic acid, indoleacetic acid, gibberellins (GA3, GA4) and cytokinins of immature embryos, embryonic and non-embryonic calli during culture process.

酶联免疫法测定不同培养时间后未成熟胚，以及由此诱导的胚性和非胚性愈伤组织，内源脱落酸、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素(GA3、GA4)和细胞分裂素(DHZR、IPA、ZR)含量。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷