胚根

Moutan has two different reproduction ways:obligate seed reproduction and amphitrophic reproduction;the dormitory of its embryo has two stages of epicotyl and hypocotyl;the dormitory could be end if it is treated with two temperature conditions.

Moutan生殖特性，具有根状茎、块根、根出条多种形式的以营养繁殖为主、种子繁殖为辅和专性种子有性生殖的两种类型；胚具有上胚轴、下胚轴两段休眠特性，打破休眠需按一定的程序和两种不同的温度条件；……。

To investigate the effect of activin on neurite growth in dorsal root ganglia and the gangliocyte survival as well as the relationship between activin function with nitric oxide release, dorsal root ganglia were collected from E8 chicken embryos and the growth of cultured DRG in vitro was observed by primary culture method.

为了探讨激活素促进鸡胚背根神经节（dorsal root ganglia，DRG）突起生长、维持神经节细胞生存作用及其与一氧化氮释放的关系，实验采用8d的鸡胚分离背根神经节，原代培养法，观察鸡胚背根神经节的体外生长情况。

The results showed that, using transient GUS expression, the frequency of resistant calli and shoot differentiation as a criteria, wheat mature embryos were cultured on the preculture medium of CM4C1P for 14 days, and immersed in inoculation suspension Ⅰ for 3 hours, then the explants were co-cultured under desiccation conditions for 3 days, which was optimal conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat mature embryos.

为了进一步完善根癌农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化体系，以小麦成熟胚为转化受体，研究了根癌农杆菌介导法转化小麦的主要影响因素，结果表明，以gus基因瞬时表达率、抗性愈伤组织获得率和分化率为转化指标，小麦成熟胚在预培养基CM4C1P上预培养14d后，用侵染培养液Ⅰ侵染3h，再经干燥共培养方式处理3d，是根癌农杆菌介导成熟胚转化的合适条件。

The changes in activity of glutamine synthetase and NADH-glutamate synthase in endosperms, coleoptiles, and roots were determined during the germination of rice Oryza sativa L.

测定了水稻种子不同萌发时期胚乳、胚芽鞘和幼根的谷氨酰胺合成酶和依赖于NADH的谷氨酸合酶活性变化。胚乳和胚芽鞘的GS活性在萌发过程中升高，幼根的GS活性则有所降低。

NaCl inhibited seedling and radicles growth.

NaCl抑制罗布麻幼苗生长，对胚根的抑制性尤甚。

The callus formation rates from embryos, cotyledons, and petioles could reach 100.0%, the rate from radicles was the lowest, at 33.3%.

叶片和幼茎在光照下的愈伤组织诱导频率比黑暗中略高，而叶柄和胚根的则相反。

Furthermore, it was found that the radicles and seedlings of resistant rice cultivars (TEQIN and J-85) were more tolerant to the crude toxin than those of the susceptible one, which showed that the resistance of rice varieties could be primarily identified by the toxin treatment of rice radicles and seedlings.

此外，水稻不同抗（特青和J-85）感品种的胚根和幼苗对粗毒素的敏感性有较大差异，预示毒素可用于水稻品种抗纹枯病的初步鉴定。

In order to elucidate the relationship between the structural features of leginsulin gene in legume plants and their phylogenetic significance,we have cloned the cDNA sequence of leginsulin gene from radicles of broad bean via RT-PCR techniques according to the leginsulin gene sequence we previously obtained from soybean.The cloned cDNA encoded for a precursor protein consisting of the signal peptide,mature leginsulin and an additional 45 amino acids of another polypeptide.

为探明豆科植物中豆类胰岛素基因的结构特征与进化关系，在已获得大豆豆类胰岛素基因的基础上，以蚕豆种子胚根mRNA为材料，采用RT-PCR技术，克隆了蚕豆豆类胰岛素基因的cDNA序列，编码的前体多肽包括信号肽、成熟型豆类胰岛素及另一多肽的45个氨基酸残基。

When cultured on the medium with different auxin , root segments could elongate and branch, and the addition of 1mg/l IBA into the medium was the most suitable for long-term root culture. Calli could be induced from root explants in the presence of 2, 4-D and when transferred onto E medium, they transformed further into embryonic calli which could develop into normal plants through the stages of globular-embryo, heart-shaped embryo, torpedo-shaped embryo, cotyledonary embryo.

培养基中添加生长激素（IAA，IBA，NAA）能够诱导无菌苗根切段的生长和分枝形成；而1mg／l IBA的存在，最适合于根的长期离体培养。2，4-D的存在能够诱导根外植体脱分化形成愈伤组织，愈伤组织转移至E型分化培养基能够转变成胚性愈伤组织，并进一步经球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚、子叶形胚发育成正常植株。

Somatic embryos can be produced both from the surface and the inner of the calli. Embryogenic cell has normal shape, dense cytoplasm , clear nucleolus, hearty metabolize; Plantlet regenerations were developed from global embryo, heart-shaped embryo, torpedo-shaped embryo and cotyledon embryo, in which the V-shaped vessel vascular bundles and shoot tip meristem and root tip meristem were observed.

胚性细胞多为椭圆形，细胞质浓厚，核仁明显，代谢旺盛；体细胞胚经过球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚而发育成再生植株，子叶期体细胞胚可观察到明显的V型维管束、茎尖分生组织以及根尖分生组织。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。