胚层的

For household users to establish simple antifreeze dilution disposal ways of applying gender-controlled embryo freezingly-preserved technique by one-step vitrification dilution method,A,B,and C structure approaches of liquid layers in canaliculi were applied to investigate their survival capacity after embryos freshly-split by one-step dilution;and minimum capacity refrigerant method in specific canaliculus and above structure approach of liquid layer B were also applied to compare their survival capacity of frozen and melted embryos freshly split,and frozen and melted IVF embryos splited by one-step dilution.

为了创立在用户庭院就能应用的玻璃化保存性别控制胚胎的冷冻剂稀释处理方法，采用细管内3种不同液体层构成法，对新鲜分割胚一步法稀释后的存活能力进行了研究；其次用特定细管最小容量冷却法与上述3种不同液体层构成中效果较好的B法对玻璃化冷冻溶解的新鲜分割胚、体外受精分割胚及冷冻溶解的体外受精分割胚进行一步法稀释后的存活能力予以对比。

Seeds ovoid to reniform; seed coat with thick inner layer of dense black sclerenchyma and spongy outer layer bounded externally by a shiny black pellicle; endosperm copious; embryo straight or slightly bent; cotyledons ovate to elliptic, flattened; hypocotyl superior.

种子卵球形到肾形；种子涂上厚内部层紧密的黑色的sclerenchyma 和海绵状的外部层通过一发亮的黑色的表膜外部束；胚乳丰富；胚稍弯曲的直的或；子叶卵形到椭圆形，扁平；下胚轴上位。

The contents of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, total protein and xylose and the weight were determined separately for each part as well as for the whole grain.

合并吸收层和胚两部中核黄素的含量，约相等或稍高于糊粉层中核黄素的含量；合并吸收层，胚和糊粉层三者约占总含量50—60％。

O?C?Cu isotopes. revealing that the mixed hydrothermal fluid of magmatic water and meteoric water reactivated the ore elements in the carbonate rocks and quartz diorite. Copper was transported, as Clcomplexes in the ore fluid and precipitated to enrich and thicken the primary sedimentary protore.

认为该矿床是在岩浆水和后期少量大气水的加入而形成的混合热液共同作用下，活化碳酸盐岩地层和石英闪长岩中的铜等成矿元素，形成含矿热液，并以铜的氯络合物方式运移，在弱还原性条件下使原始沉积矿胚层加厚变富。

For example, identifying genes expressed during culture, as well as their temporal expression order after passaging and conditions influencing the formation of all three germ layers may be helpful for the production of functional beta islet cells used in treating type I diabetes.

比如说，在经过以及影响三胚层形成的条件之后，识别出在培养条件下表达出的基因以及他们暂时的表达顺序可能有助于生产有功能的胰岛B细胞，而这种细胞是用来治疗I 型糖尿病的。

Its absence perturbs the balance between actiation of the JAK–STAT and SHP-2–ERK-1/2–MAPK pathways, resulting in less self-renewal and a greater potential for differentiation into the primitie endoderm lineage.

SOCS-3的缺乏破坏了激活JAK–STAT和SHP-2–ERK-1/2–MAPK信号转导通路之间的平衡，这就导致了较少的自我更新，而是较强的分化成原始内胚层谱系的潜能。

The grain filling of superior spikelets was a continuous progressing process without interruption: Free nucleus→endosperm cell formation→endosperm cells differentiating into aleurone layer and starchy endosperm→composition and storage of reserve materials such as starch and storage proteins.

水稻强势籽粒的胚乳发育是一个无间断的连续过程，经过游离核期→胚乳细胞化→胚乳细胞分化发育成糊粉层和淀粉质胚乳→合成和累积淀粉、蛋白质等贮藏物质，约在20d以内完成胚乳发育的全过程，不同强势籽粒的胚乳发育进程大体一致。

These were raised underinducing condition to test if any morphology and structure changes. Twenty two Arabidopsismutants had various changes in morphology and anatomical structures. Twenty mutants hadlow germination rate from 10% to 60%, of which 2 had survival rates at 0% and 50%. Fivemutants occurred structure changes in the hypocotyls or stem. One of these lines, namedarris-stem, showed some unique changes: slower growth rate in comparison with the wildtype from germination to florescence; serrated margin of leaf blades, spiral rosette; morebranch in the bottom part of the stem, shorter nodes, twisted stem and branch. There were oneor several arrises along the stem. Across sections of the arrises showed one or several compactcells lumps which were round, made up of several layers of cells, looked like vascular-bundle.

在诱导条件下，这些突变体表现出不同的形态和结构的变化，共有22个表型和结构发生变化。20个突变系发芽率或存活率较低，发芽率由10％—60％，其中2个突变系存活率分别为0％和50％。5个突变系在茎或下胚轴的结构上发生变化，其中一个突变系arris-stem发生如下表型变化：从真叶出现至开花结实的整个生长期，生长速度要明显比野生型拟南芥缓慢；叶缘有明显锯齿，莲座叶呈螺旋状排列；茎的基部有较多侧枝，侧枝间距明显缩短，茎有明显扭曲；突变体茎侧面有1至数条棱形突起，内部存在一至数个排列紧密的细胞团，由多层细胞呈环形排列，细胞壁明显加厚，内部存在管状分子，推测为维管组织。

With the development of embryo, Myf5 expression decreased gradually in somites in the anterior region, but remained strong in the newly formed somites; After 30 somites formed, MyoD expression decreased in the somites except the caudal somites. At the hatching stage, MyoD and Myf5 were expressed in head muscle cells and fin muscle cells. In the growing fish, Myf5 was expressed in the skeletal muscle and intestine, and in adult flounder, Myf5 was only expressed in muscle. In the growing fish and adult fish, MyoD was only expressed in muscle.

在胚胎发育早期，Myf5在近轴中胚层中表达，体节发生过程中，Myf5在体节中表达，MyoD基因最早在分节板的体节前细胞中表达，随后在近轴细胞、体节中表达；随着胚胎的发育，Myf5在成熟体节中表达量降低，在新生体节中表达较强；MyoD自30个体节时期后只在新生的尾部体节中表达，在成熟的体节中表达量降低；在孵化期，MyoD和Myf5在头部及鳍的肌肉、尾部的体节中表达；生长期的牙鲆中，Myf5在骨骼肌和肠中表达，成体牙鲆中，Myf5只在肌肉中表达；生长期的牙鲆及成体牙鲆中，MyoD只在肌肉组织中表达。

Adult stem cells can break away restricted lineage and be trans-differentiated into other mature cells, this phenomenon is referred to as plasticity which is the base of clinical application of adult stem cells and has a promising future.

这些干细胞可以打破胚层界限，横向分化为其他组织的成熟细胞，这种性质称为干细胞的可塑性，是成体干细胞应用于临床的理论基础，具有广阔的临床应用前景。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。