胚层的

LITERATURE EVALUATION: The 32 literatures are about ESCs transcription regulation, the role of FoxD3 for embryonic development and maintaining the pluripotency of ESCs and the function of FoxD3 in other cells （myeloid cells, nervous crest cells and chromatophore cells）.

FoxD3是叉头框（Forkheadbox，Fox）家族中的一个转录调控因子，它对胚胎上胚层及其衍生物的形成和建立多潜能胚胎干细胞系具有重要作用，并与控制胚胎发育和胚胎干细胞多能性的其他转录调控因子有一定的联系。

Morphorgenesis and differentiation of these organs involves sequential and complex interaction between ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

这些器官的成型与分化，皆是由胚胎外、中、内三个胚层组织一连串的讯息传递以及彼此之间的交互作用所完成的。

They also indicate that the in itro system using mouse ES cells mimics in io deelopment and should proe useful in the study of molecular mechanisms for endoderm and gut deelopment.

这些结果也显示了利用小鼠胚胎干细胞的体外系统模拟了体内的发育过程，而且对研究内胚层和肠道发育的分子机制是很有用的。

To determine whether the same molecular mechanisms are inoled in the formation process, the expression pattern of transcription factors regulating endoderm and gut deelopment in the mouse embryo was examined by in situ hybridization and compared with in io expression.

为了证明在成形过程中是否也具有相似的分子机制，我们通过原位杂交同体内表达比对的方法来检查小鼠胚胎中调节内胚层和肠道发育的转录因子的表达模式。

We hypothesized that Notch signaling might play an important role in specifying endothelial progenitors from the mesoderm, given that this pathway acts as a bipotential cell-fate switch on equipotent progenitor populations in other settings.

由于在其他系统中的研究表明，Notch信号通路在同一潜能的前体细胞走向两种不同命运的过程中发挥着关键的转换作用，我们假定该通路在中胚层特化为内皮前体细胞的过程中也发挥重要功能。

The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop.

间叶细胞胚胎的中胚层部分，由生长于胶状基质的、结构松散的、无特定功能的细胞组成，这些细胞将会发育成结缔组织、骨、软骨、血液及淋巴系统

BMSCs have a high proliferative potential in culture, also they are capable of differentiating to a wide variety of cell types, and when autologous transplanted, there exist no immunorejection. So BMSCs can be used to treat hepar dieases.

骨髓基质干细胞具有容易获得，可以自我复制，高度增殖，在特定的条件下可向各胚层来源的细胞分化的特点，因而将BMSCs细胞移植应用于肝病治疗有非常重要的临床价值。

However, traditional beauty therapy involves a series of plastic micro-needle injection, and take up to 8-10 weeks for "mesoderm" stimulation treatment.

不过，传统的美塑疗法涉及一系列的微针注射，且需要长达8-10周的&中胚层&刺激治疗。

Fibroblast growth factor is a kind of the polypeptide growth factors, which is known to be a mitogen for a wide variety of mesoderm-and neuroectoderm-derived cells and a neurotrophic factor for several neuronal cell types.

成纤维细胞生长因子是一种对中胚层及神经外胚层源的细胞都有促分裂活性的多肽生长因子，也是一种重要的神经营养因子。

Flounder FoxD1 mRNA was over expressed in one cell of the two-cell stage zebrafish, MyoD expression in the somites on one side was reduced, but the expression in the adaxial cells was not affected; Myf5 expression in the presomitic mesoderm, adaxial cells and somites on one side was reduced.

在斑马鱼中过量表达FoxD1后，MyoD在一侧体节中的表达受到了严重抑制，而在近轴细胞中的表达未受影响，Myf5在体节前中胚层，近轴细胞，及体节中的表达都受到了抑制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。