胚层

The sad between male and female was 2.73, the somatotype have obviously sex difference (p＜0.001). conclusion the somatotype of the male youth is mesomorphy, while the sebum cutaneum of female is prone to endomorphy.

粤西大学生体围与皮脂发育特点：男性骨骼肌比较发达，身体比较结实，体型类型高度集中于中胚层体型；女性皮脂发育比较丰满，肌肉相对少，体型偏于内胚层体型。

Mesoderm located between the epidermis and dermis, where the skin to absorb nutrients from outside is critical to beauty cosmetic.

"中胚层"位于表皮和真皮之间，是皮肤吸收外来营养成分而"致美"的关键。于是致力于中胚层的"美塑疗法"纷纷问世。

Chapter Ⅱ Xenopus Tbx6 Mediates Presomatic Mesoderm Cell Adhesion during Somitogenesis As a member of T-box gene family, Tbx6 is involved in somite cell fate decision and endows adhesion properties to mesoderm cells.

第二章 xTbx6在体节发生过程中介导了预定体节中胚层的粘连 xTbx6是T-box转录调控因子家族的成员，xTbx6参与体节细胞命运决定和赋予旁侧中胚层细胞特定的粘连特性。

Tinman dsRNA even caused visceral mesoderm defects and the somatic muscles disruption, yet wingless dsRNA only affected heart precursors and had no effect on visceral mesoderm and somatic muscles, indicationg that the heart-related genes dsRNA interference worked effectively and exclusively in Drosphila

尤其是tinman基因的dsRNA，还引起了肠中胚层缺失和体壁肌肉组织的紊乱，而wingless基因的dsRNA却只影响心脏的形成，而不影响肠中胚层，说明dsRNA干扰具有非常强的特异性，因而不失为研究果蝇心脏发育基因功能的有效方法。

In this exper iment,we took the advantage of RNAi technique,microinjected tinman and singless dsRNA into the early embryos in Drosophila respectively and got these two genes' RNAi phenotypes,which were very similar to that of their mutant,showing heart tube defects or no heart precursors formation.tinman dsRNA eve caused visceral mesoderm defects and the somatic muscles disruption,yet wingless dsRNA only affected heart precursors and had no effect on visceral mesoderm and somatic muscles,indicationg that the heart-related genes dsRNA interference worked effectively and exclusively in Drosophila.

实验运用RNAi技术，分别将tinman和wingless的dsRNA注入果蝇的早期胚胎，得到了这两个基因的dsRNA干扰表型，与两个基因的突变体表型非常相似，都表现为果蝇心脏前体细胞不能形成或心脏管缺失。尤其是tinman基因的dsRNA，还引起了肠中胚层缺失和体壁肌肉组织的紊乱，而wingless基因的dsRNA却只影响心脏的形成，而不影响肠中胚层，说明dsRNA干扰具有非常强的特异性，因而不失为研究果蝇心脏发育基因功能的有效方法。

Diploblastic cnidarians as the outgroups, the phylogenetic trees of bryozoans and lophotrochozoans were reconstructed by the 28S rDNA analyses of theirs and other related bilaterians obtained through GenBank with different methods, respectively. Meanwhile, the primary and predicted secondary structures of their partial divergent 28S rDNA domains were compared and analysed.

结合GenBank上其他三胚层动物的相关序列数据，以二胚层刺胞动物为外类群，运用遗传分析软件，以不同方法构建了苔藓动物以及触手冠担轮动物的分子系统树；同时绘制了各代表类群28S rDNA的部分多变区的二级结构，并对其形态学特征进行了比较分析。

Our three groups in SCBB will conduct one project in this grant (three projects in this grant total), which is "Screen mutants interfering the development or regeneration of endodermal organs and study their functional mechanisms". In this project, stem cell and zebrafish will be used as models to elucidate the mechanisms of the development of endodermal organs.

我院的三个课题组负责此项目的课题三《正向遗传突变筛选具有内胚层器官发育或再生缺陷的突变体及致变基因的功能机制研究》，将采用干细胞和斑马鱼模型，研究内胚层器官的机制，特别是分子调节网络的整体性和时空性，为防治肝脏和胰腺的重大疾病提供坚实的理论基础。

Nodal and Activin, members of TGF-βsuperfamily, are mediated by the TGF-βreceptors ALK4 or ALK7, and they play important roles in mesendoderm induction and anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm.

TGFβ家族的信号转导由TGFβ受体ALK4或ALK7介导，在脊椎动物胚胎的中胚层和内胚层诱导以及神经外胚层的前-后轴线分化中起着重要作用。

Vascular development begins when mesodermal cells differentiate into endothelial cells, which then form primitive vessels.

在中胚层细胞分化成内胚层细胞时，血管开始发育，并随后形成最初的血管。

Geochemical study indicates that constant elements, microelements and trace elements in manganese ores and protore wholly take on thermal sedimentary characteristics, the siliceous limestone, silica-bearing limestone and bioclastic limestone is predominant protore beds of manganese-capped ores.

通过对锰矿石和矿胚层岩石中常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素等地球化学的研究，均具有热水沉积的特征，硅质灰岩、含硅质灰岩和生物碎屑灰岩是锰帽型矿石最主要的矿胚层。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。