胚层

An embryo at the stage following the blastula, consisting of a hollow, two-layered sac of ectoderm and endoderm surrounding an archenteron that communicates with the exterior through the blastopore.

原肠胚一种囊胚之后的胚胎，含有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层，包围着通过胚孔跟外界交流的原肠

During this stage, the cells group into three layers, the first is the 'ectoderm' which then in turn generates the 'mesoderm' and 'endoderm' layers.

在这一阶段，细胞分化为3层，第一层是"外胚层"，它最终会形成中胚层和内胚层。

In vitro, ES cells can spontaneously differentiate into embryoid bodies containing derivatives of three germ layers.

在体外，ES细胞可自发分化为含有内胚层、中胚层、外胚层来源的多种组织和细胞的拟胚体。

Embryonic germ layer on ventral aspect of the bilaminar disk that gives rise to endoderm.

双层椎间盘腹侧形成滋养层细胞的三个胚层组织引起的内胚层。

The PGCs of Varicorhinus macrolepis first appeared in the mesoderm of early gustrula and subsequently remained in the hypoblast of the embryonic region during late gustrula and neurula stage. At the stage of muscular effect they were found in the splanchnic mesoderm and the proceeded around the gut to the dorsal mestery during hatching stage.

结果表明：泰山螭霖鱼PGCs最早出现于原肠早期；原肠晚期和神经胚期靠近卵黄囊的内胚层；肌肉效应器迁移到脏壁中胚层的肾原基附近；临出膜期到达体腔壁，随后，沿肠系膜进入两侧的生殖嵴中。

Results the male value of somatotype was (2.9-3.9-3.5) and female was (4.9-1.4-3.2), they were balanced mesomorphy and endomorphy-mesomorphy respectively.

结果 男女青年平均体型值分别为（2.9-3.9-3.5）和（4.9-1.4-3.2），男女青年分别属均衡的中胚层体型和内胚层-中胚层均衡体型；男女青年间sad值为2.73，体型有非常显著的性别差异(p＜0.001)。

In the normal uterus, Cytokeratins immunolabelling were detected in glandular cell, luminal epithelial cell, Vimentin immunolabelling were detected in stromal cell and endoblastic cell; CK7 immunolabelling were not detected in any tissue of the yak utenus.

研究结果显示：未妊娠时，泛角蛋白在子宫内膜腺上皮细胞、腔上皮细胞内表达，波形蛋白在子宫内膜基质细胞内表达，平滑肌肌动蛋白在子宫平滑肌和血管平滑肌内表达，牦牛子宫任何部位均不表达角蛋白7；妊娠30天左右时，泛角蛋白在子宫内膜腺上皮细胞、子宫内膜腔上皮细胞、滋养层细胞、内胚层细胞和尿囊细胞内表达，波形蛋白在子宫内膜基质细胞和内胚层细胞内表达，平滑肌肌动蛋白在子宫平滑肌和血管平滑肌内表达，角蛋白7在尿囊细胞内表达，偶尔在腔上皮细胞的细胞核边缘表达；消化法进行原代培养时，组织经胶原酶消化并通过100目和400目筛网组合可以有效地分离原代子宫内膜基质细胞和子宫内膜腺上皮细胞；分离得到的子宫内膜基质细胞活率达90%以上，并可在体外传代7次以上；分离得到的子宫内膜腺上皮细胞活率可达85%以上，并可在体外传代5次以上；RPMI1640培养基最适合子宫内膜基质细胞和子宫内膜腺上皮细胞的生长，维持子宫内膜基质细胞正常生长的FBS添加量为20%，维持子宫内膜腺上皮细胞正常生长的胎牛血清添加量为30%。

A variation in gastrulation, involving the movement of cells into endodermal and mesodermal positions through the thickened primitive streak, arose in reptiles and can still be seen in bird and mammalian embryos, lending support

密实的原肠胚通过细胞运动进入内胚层和中胚层，爬虫，鸟，哺乳动物的胚胎都如此。因此提出这样的理论，鸟类和哺乳动物是由爬虫进化而来的。

A variation in gastrulation involving the movement of cells into endodermal and mesodermal positions through the thickened primitive streak arose in reptiles and can still be seen in bird and mammalian embryos lending support to the theory that birds and mammals evolved from reptiles.

密实的原肠胚通过细胞运动进入内胚层和中胚层，爬虫，鸟，哺乳动物的胚胎都如此。因此提出这样的理论，鸟类和哺乳动物是由爬虫进化而来的。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。