胚层

The dult stem cells abilities of differentiation, self-renewing and self-maintenance tended to be limited so that it, which is characterized of short life time, could differentiate by means of mono-direction or double direction. What is the most important is that it can not differentiate all cells from the three embryonic layer.

成体干细胞具有一定的生长期，其分化能力、自我更新、自我维持能力具有局限性，生存时间相对较短，仅能单向或双向分化，其重要特点之一是它不能分化成机体所有的三个胚层来源的细胞。

Yet in many vertebrate groups, teeth are not restricted only to the oral cavity, but extend posteriorly as pharyngeal teeth that could be derived either directly from the endodermal epithelium, or from the ectodermal epithelium that reached this location through the mouth or through the pharyngeal slits.

但在很多脊椎动物里牙齿的发育不仅只有上述来源，还有向后延伸形成的咽部牙齿，可能由内胚层上皮或经由口腔或口咽裂至此部位的外胚层上皮形成。

These cells are known as endodermal cells.

这些细胞称为内胚层细胞。

To prevent and cure these diseases efficiently, it's necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of endodermal organs.

为了有效防治这些疾病，需要深入研究这些内胚层器官发育的分子机制。

Endodermal sinus tumor is a rare ovarian malignancy. There is no characteristic manifestations in roentgenologic nor sonographic study.

内胚层窦肿瘤为少见的卵巢恶性肿瘤，在放射线或超音波检查并没有特异的表徵。

Altogether, this study provides an induction protocol to obtain endodermal insulin-producing cell clusters and hepatocyte-like cells from mES cells.

综合以上所有结果，本实验提供了一个可从小鼠胚胎干细胞获得源自内胚层来的产生胰岛素的细胞和像肝细胞的细胞之诱导分化方法。

Endodermal sinus tumor is a rare ovarian malignancy. There is no characteristic manifestations in roentgenologic nor sonographic study.

內胚层竇肿瘤为少见的卵巢恶性肿瘤，在放射线或超音波检查並没有特异的表徵。

This grant is "Study the molecular mechanisms regulating the development of endodermal organs". Endodermal organs mainly includes liver, pancreas, intestine, lung, and thymus. These organs are very important to human health, especially in China.

内胚层发育来的器官主要包括肝脏，胰腺，消化道，肺，和胸腺，这些器官跟人类的健康息息相关，尤其是在中国。

However, when the oropharyngeal membrane, which forms a sharp ecto/endodermal border, is broken, the fate of these cells is poorly known.

但当作为外胚层和内胚层界限的口咽膜破裂后这些牙齿形成细胞的发育知之甚少。

We conclude that UCMSCs, with a newly demonstrated endodermic differentiation potential, might be an alternative source for liver-directed cell therapies.

UCMSCs新近被证实具有内胚层分化的潜能，可作为肝细胞基因治疗的一个可供选择的来源。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。