胚层

ESCs are traditionally regarded as ICM cells, though some scholars believe they are more closely resemble cells from the epiblast. But recent evidence about cell molecular markers indicate that ES cell's characteristics resemble early germ cells.

传统观念常常把ESCs等同于ICM细胞，也有学者认为ESCs更象上胚层细胞，而在已知的分子标记基因方面，ESCs所具有的特征更接近体内早期生殖细胞。

We hypothesized that Notch signaling might play an important role in specifying endothelial progenitors from the mesoderm, given that this pathway acts as a bipotential cell-fate switch on equipotent progenitor populations in other settings.

由于在其他系统中的研究表明，Notch信号通路在同一潜能的前体细胞走向两种不同命运的过程中发挥着关键的转换作用，我们假定该通路在中胚层特化为内皮前体细胞的过程中也发挥重要功能。

In all germ layers, Forkhead Box transcriptional factors play important roles in the determination of cell fates.

在各胚层的发育中，Forkhead Box转录因子皆扮演重要的命运决定角色。

The ability of multiple lineage differentiation and long term self-renewal make stem cells to be the most important "seed cells" in future regenerative medicine and the best tool for the research in human early germ layer specification and organogenesis, drug screen and gene therapy.

干细胞具有的多向分化潜能和自我更新能力使其成为未来再生医学的重要种子细胞，并成为研究人类早期胚层特化和器官形成、药物筛选以及基因治疗的最佳工具。

Its major components are different kinds of cells and extracellular fibres and ground substance, which varies in consistency from thin gel to rigid structure.

结缔组织的胚胎起源是中胚层，主要由细胞、三种蛋白质纤维及大量不定形碳水化合物基质构成。

The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop.

间叶细胞胚胎的中胚层部分，由生长于胶状基质的、结构松散的、无特定功能的细胞组成，这些细胞将会发育成结缔组织、骨、软骨、血液及淋巴系统

BMSCs have a high proliferative potential in culture, also they are capable of differentiating to a wide variety of cell types, and when autologous transplanted, there exist no immunorejection. So BMSCs can be used to treat hepar dieases.

骨髓基质干细胞具有容易获得，可以自我复制，高度增殖，在特定的条件下可向各胚层来源的细胞分化的特点，因而将BMSCs细胞移植应用于肝病治疗有非常重要的临床价值。

GFP expression started during gastrulation in the axial hypoblast layer. During segmentation, GFP was detected in the notochord but not in the foor plate.

GFP在原肠作用期就开始表达，主要发生在中轴下胚层中；在体节形成期，GFP在脊索细胞中表达，但未发现在神经底板细胞中表达。

Transcripts of zebrafish Hspa5 are present in fertilized eggs, suggesting their maternal origin. Zygotic expression of Hspa5 starts during midgastrulation and occurs in the hypoblast cells. It is specifically expressed in the hatching gland and the notochord during segmentation.

结果表明，Hspa5 mRNA在卵子中就存在，是一个母源基因；其合子基因的表达开始于原肠中期的下胚层，在体节期发生在脊索和孵化腺中。

Strumal carcinoid of ovary may be derived from multidirectional differentiations of endodermal origin with low potential malignancy.

卵巢甲状腺肿类癌起源于内胚层，低度恶性，诊断主要依赖病理和免疫组化，需要与颗粒细胞瘤、卵巢恶性甲状腺肿、卵巢类癌等鉴别。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。