胚乳

These results suggested that many organella could all develop into amyloplast, variation of amyloplast envelope resulted in amylopast proliferation, RER played an important role in synthesis and deposition of protein, ER showed many functions during endosperm development, intercellular space and plasmalemma invagination played an important role in transportation of nutrients, degeneration of starchy endosperm nucleus was a special PCD, Ca〓 and phosphatases played an important role during endosperm development.

上述结果表明：多种细胞器可以趋同发育成淀粉质体，淀粉质体增殖来源于其被膜的活动，粗面内质网在蛋白质的合成与积累中具有重要作用，内质网在胚乳发育中具有多种功能，胞间隙和质膜内陷在营养物质的运输中具有重要作用，淀粉胚乳细胞核的衰退是一种特殊形式的编程性死亡，Ca〓和磷酸水解酶在胚乳发育中起重要作用。

The pearl millet pollenreadily germinated on the wheat stigma and more than one pollen tubes grew into thestyle and entered the embryo sac.

波斯小麦已授粉的207个子房中，11.11％既形成胚又形成胚乳，7.25％只形成胚，而1.93％只形成胚乳，在这个杂交中受精率和成胚率分别为20.29％和18.36％。

A quick DNA extraction technique which was fitting for maize variety identification and establishing DNA fingerprinting pool was explored ,and the technique was well applied in the following tissues for DNA extraction : embryo, endosperm; radicel, coleoptile , hypocotyl from germinated 1～3 days material .

本实验探索了适用于玉米品种鉴定及DNA指纹库构建的玉米品种DNA快速煮沸法，用快速煮沸法提取了玉米种子胚、胚乳；水培初生根、侧根；种子出苗后的初生根、侧根、胚芽鞘、胚轴、叶片等组织DNA，结果表明，种子胚、胚乳组织；水培2～4d水培初生根、侧根组织；出苗1～5d的胚芽鞘、胚轴组织用快速煮沸法提取DNA效果较好。

Fruit a usually solitary follicle, sessile or stipitate, dehiscing usually along adaxial suture, sometimes along abaxial one, very rarely circumscissile at base, sometimes indehiscent.

果通常为单生的蓇葖果种子1(或者2)，直立，通常具假种皮，很少无假种皮；种皮厚假种皮有色，肉质；胚乳宿存或无；胚直立；在无胚乳的种子里子叶厚并且肉质，在有胚乳的种子里子叶薄。

DC have been studied by using the cytochemical methods. The results showed that the cytoplasm of the haustorial cells, the degenerating sites of integumentary cells and nucellar cells surrounding haustorial cells showed strong PAS staining.

DC的胚乳吸器进行了细胞化学研究，结果显示，胚乳吸器的细胞质、胚乳吸器周围解体的珠心细胞和珠被细胞均呈强PAS正反应。

Fifty-five lines with different Wx genes from the DH population of Yangmai 10/Waxy C, and 12 waxy wheat varieties derived from the crosses or backcrosses of Yangmai 9 as no-waxy parent or recurrent parent with different waxy wheat varieties were used to study the effects of Wx genes on percentage of vitreous kernel. The grain protein content of 12 waxy wheat varieties with floury endosperm from different crosses was also tested.

为了明确Wx基因变异与小麦籽粒胚乳的关系，以玉米花粉诱导扬麦10号（角质胚乳品种，非糯小麦）与糯质供体Waxy C杂种F1产生的不同Wx基因变异类型的55个双单倍体系以及以扬麦9号与不同糯质供体亲本杂交、回交育成的12个糯小麦品系为材料，研究了Wx基因变异对籽粒胚乳质地的影响，同时测定了12个不同来源的粉质胚乳糯小麦籽粒蛋白质含量。

The grain filling of superior spikelets was a continuous progressing process without interruption: Free nucleus→endosperm cell formation→endosperm cells differentiating into aleurone layer and starchy endosperm→composition and storage of reserve materials such as starch and storage proteins.

水稻强势籽粒的胚乳发育是一个无间断的连续过程，经过游离核期→胚乳细胞化→胚乳细胞分化发育成糊粉层和淀粉质胚乳→合成和累积淀粉、蛋白质等贮藏物质，约在20d以内完成胚乳发育的全过程，不同强势籽粒的胚乳发育进程大体一致。

The method is based on a genetic model containing both the direct effects and maternal effects of an endosperm QTL and on an experimental design termed two-stage hierarchical design, in which the trait information is obtained from F3 endosperms and molecular marker information is obtained from F2 plants and F3 embryos.

文章提出了包括胚乳效应和母体效应的胚乳性状QTL定位的统计方法，该方法的实验设计是分子标记基因型信息来自F2母体植株和F3种子胚，胚乳性状表型值来自F3单粒种子胚乳，称之为两步等级设计。

Forward and reverse subtractive cDNA libraries were constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization method,using 10 DAP and 20 DAP endosperms of the two inbreds.The four subtracted cDNA libraries enriched gene expressed specifically or at higher level in early stage and middle stage of endosperm development for N04 and Dan232,respectively.

利用抑制差减杂交方法，分别构建了自交系N04和丹232 10 DAP和20 DAP胚乳的正反向4个抑制差减杂交库，分别富集了N04胚乳早期、N04胚乳中期、丹232胚乳早期和丹232胚乳中期增强表达的基因。

Microstructures of the two inbred lines in 3、5、7、10、15、20 and 25 DAP seven stages during endosperm development showed that endosperms were in the stage of cell division in 10 DAP,then endosperm cells accumulated substances rapidly.In 20 DAP,endosperm cells were filled with starch grains.The endosperm structure was also different between the two inbreds, hard and soft endosperm for N04 and Dan232,respectively.

两个自交系胚乳发育的显微结构观察发现，N04和丹232在10 DAP处于细胞分裂阶段，之后胚乳细胞内含物快速增长，20 DAP胚乳细胞充满淀粉粒。N04胚乳发育成硬质型，丹232胚乳发育成粉质型，两个自交系的胚乳结构存在较大差异。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失