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We found the relationship among starch metabolism, metabolisms of other components and gene expressing profiling due to the accumulation of sugar. Then, genes expression patterns of starch biosynthesis in leaves and developing endosperms of 5 maize inbreds were studied for the contribution of different genes to starch biosynthesis in endosperm.

为深入了解玉米淀粉合成的分子调控机理，本研究首先以B73、ae/wx和sh1授粉后15天的胚乳为材料，利用18K Affymetrix玉米基因组芯片平台，研究了突变体材料中基因表达谱的变化，发现了淀粉合成受阻后糖的积累对其它物质代谢和基因表达调控的影响；在此基础上，对可能参与淀粉合成的基因以多个自交系为材料，分析它们在叶片和胚乳发育过程中的表达模式，研究了不同成员对胚乳淀粉合成的贡献。

Based on Bayesian statistics and quantitative genetic model of triploid endosperm traits, we proposed a Bayesian method for mapping QTL underlying endosperm traits, which used the DNA molecular marker genotypes of each plant in segregation population and the single endosperm observation of a few endosperms of each plant as data set to analyze endosperm QTL.

将贝叶斯统计原理和胚乳性状的数量遗传模型相结合，以分离群体中各植株的分子标记基因型以及植株上若干粒种子胚乳性状的单粒观测值为数据模式，提出胚乳性状QTL区间作图的贝叶斯方法。

Based on brief introduction of nutritional components,development,and genetic control of endosperm,it is reviewed on a serial of novel mutations,such as the waxy,dull,misty,sugary,shrunk,floury,low amylose,high amylose, low paste viscosity,high resistant starch,low glutelin content,protein body absent,high iron,low phytic acid endosperms and gene locations of the related mutated characters.

本文在简要介绍胚乳的发育、组成及品质性状遗传的基础上，综述了与淀粉、蛋白质和微营养相关的系列胚乳突变及相关性状的基因定位。胚乳突变主要包括糯性、暗色、云雾状、糖质、皱缩、粉质米、低直链淀粉、高直链淀粉、低粘滞性、高抗性淀粉、低水溶性蛋白、蛋白体缺失、高赖氨酸、高铁、低植酸等方面。

Different contribution of the genes to starch biosynthesisLeaves and developing endosperms of Q319, C7-2, q404, ZN-A and S8 were used to study the expression patterns of 44 genes participating in starch synthesis. We found that ZmGBSSⅠ、ZmSSⅢ、ZmSBEⅡb、ZmBT2-2、ZmSh2-2、ZmSh2-3、ZmBT1 were expressed exclusively in the metaphase and anaphase of developing endosperm, and the expression patterns of ZmSUS1、ZmSus1L、ZmSUS3、ZmSSⅠ、ZmSSⅡa、ZmSBEⅠ、ZmISO1、ZmPul were consistent with the process of starch synthesis in the endosperm, while ZmUGP3 and ZmSUT2 were highly-expressed in all samples, suggesting that these genes perhaps devoted to starch synthesis in endosperm.

淀粉生物合成基因的不同贡献以Q319、C7-2、q404、ZN-A和S8自交系的幼叶、成熟叶、成熟子房、授粉后1d、5d、10d的种子和15d、20d、25d的胚乳为材料，研究了参与淀粉合成的44个基因的表达模式，研究发现ZmGBSSⅠ、ZmSSⅢ、ZmSBEⅡb、ZmBT2-2、ZmSh2-2、ZmSh2-3、ZmBT1在胚乳发育中后期特异性表达，ZmSUS1、ZmSus1L、ZmSUS3、ZmSSⅠ、ZmSSⅡa、ZmSBEⅠ、ZmISO1、ZmPul的表达在淀粉合成期显著上调，ZmUGP3和ZmSUT2在所有组织中高水平表达，说明这些基因可能主要负责胚乳淀粉的生物合成。

The development of the calli and single few-celled aggregates was observed through paraffin sections.The results revealed 5 pathways of embryogenic calli origination including origination from both ends of hypocotyls,origination in inner,differentiation from non-embryonic cells,origination from outer cells of calli,and origination in the surrounding of gland.

以陆地棉品种Coker 201下胚轴为外植体诱导愈伤组织，并以介于30-50目筛之间的胚性愈伤细胞团为材料进行单个细胞团培养，采用石蜡切片法观察棉花愈伤组织诱导和分化过程及体细胞胚发生和发育过程。

The results showed that the carrot of different genotypes responded differently with the plant growth regulators. There was no significant difference on the three kinds of callus inducing medium for cultivar Linfeng. In contrast, the rate of embryogenic callus and the number of resistant plants in cultivar Japanese black filed five inch was raised with increasing plant growth regulator concentration.

结果显示：不同基因型胡萝卜的分化对激素浓度的反应不同，林丰改良五寸参在3种培养基上的胚性愈伤率差异不显著；日本新黑田五寸参胚性愈伤率和每个外植体分化的抗性株数随激素浓度的提高而呈上升趋势，2，4-D和6-BA浓度为1.0mg/L时胚性愈伤率和每个外植体分化的抗性株数最高，分别为87.50%和59株；日本新黑田五寸参以bar基因为标记基因、PPT作筛选剂时，分化较好。

One use is a short-cut when making a Star Cane - cut lots of stars using a star cutter, stack and compress, then do the same with the background colour, and cut one side open to insert the centre star shape Kemper Brand cutters are also useful - they make a range of different size cutters with plungers to help remove clay plug.

例如要做一个星形的软陶棍，可以用星形的模具切下多个星形的胚子，将他们叠在一起压合，在另一个用来做背景的陶泥上用同样的方法切出星形镂空的胚子，再把他们叠合在一起，然后切开一边把先前做好的星形胚子放入再封口即成。

The addition of malt extract and glutamine could inhibit non-embryonic calli, and make the culture be mainly composed of embryonic calli; change of the 2,4-D concentration in liquid culture medium could adjust the status of embryonic calli to the suitable developmental stage for protoplast isolation.

通过麦芽提取物和谷氨酰胺两种物质的添加，可以起到抑制非胚性愈伤生长的作用，使培养物主要以胚性愈伤为主；通过液体培养基2，4-D浓度的改变，可调节胚性愈伤处于合适的发育时期，便于原生质体的分离。

The embryo sac developed into functional megaspores only and no mature embryo sac was generated.

胚囊只发育到单核胚囊阶段，没有形成成熟胚囊。

The cleavage rate of 2-cell stage was 50%, but few embryos developed into morulas and blastocysts (2%). More than 130 embryos at 2-4-cell stage were transferred into oviduct of 13 synchronized foster rabbits and 2 mice. No fetus or implantation sites were observed in both recipients.

其2—细胞胚胎的分裂率可达50％，但发育至桑椹胚和囊胚阶段的胚胎数目大大减少，只有2％的囊胚发育率。13只受体兔共移植重构胚胎121枚，结果未发现产仔或死胎，仅看到有的兔子宫有於血状。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。