胚

The results of this study first pointed out that HMG transcription factor and GRP protein played a very important role during the development of somatic and zygotic embryo and CKⅡwas very important for somatic embryo development in plant.

本研究结果首次证实了HMG转录因子和GRP蛋白在植物体细胞胚和合子胚发生发育中及CKⅡ在植物体细胞胚发生发育中的重要作用。

Immature and mature zygotic embryos as well as young stem segments of seedlings were used as a source of initial explants.

本研究以栓皮栎未成熟合子胚、成熟合子胚和2～4周龄的实生幼苗茎段作为外植体，诱导体胚发生。

During somatic embryogenesis and zygotic embryos development,the start-up and morphogenesis of embryos are regulated by a variety of factors.In particular,somatic embryogenesis is a temporal and special regulated developmental process.

在体细胞胚胎发生和合子胚发育的过程中，无论是胚胎发生的启动还是胚状体的形态建成都受到多种因子的调控，体细胞胚发生是一个由多种基因参与的复杂时空调节的发育途径。

According to Griffing's method 1, diallel crossing was built and CA was analyzed. Variance analysis showed that there were the greatly significant difference among the both of GCA in inbreeds and SCA in crosses, respectively. The high GCA of 18-599 and 18-599 and the low SCA variance of their crosses showed the strong and stable heredity on the both characters. Taking them as parents, the generations with high and stable induction and regeneration will be gotten.

2选用在配合力、抗病性、农艺性状等玉米杂交育种性状与幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等转基因工程育种性状都表现相对十分优异的18-599、18-599和综31等3个自交系，以及杂交育种性状表现优良、但转基因工程育种性状表现极差的A318，P138和R15等3个自交系为亲本，按照Griffing方法1组配双列杂交，进行Griffing的配合力分析。

The aim of the present study was to isolate and culture ESCs and EGCs from goat embryos and fetuses of different development stage, and to compare some factors influencing the efficiency of establishing those stem cell lines by adopting the methods of mouse and human. The results obtained were as follows: 1. A total of 46 Guanzhong dairy goats were superovulated with a result of total 307 embryos including 39 embryos of 4-cell to 16-cell, 128 morulae, 89 blastocysts and 51 hatched blastocysts. In the study, we obtain 6.67 embryos from per goat.

本研究选用关中奶山羊胚胎和胎儿为试验对象，参照小鼠和人ESCs和EGCs建系的方法，系统比较了不同培养条件和传代方法对分离培养山羊ESCs和EGCs的影响，主要获得以下结论： 1本试验共超排处理了46只/次关中奶山羊，共获得胚胎307枚，其中4~16细胞胚胎39枚，桑椹胚128枚，囊胚89枚，孵化胚51枚，平均每只山羊获得6.67枚胚胎。

Following chemical activation, blastocysts rate of the treated oocytes was similar to untreated oocytes.8 Following fertilization, however, few oocytes inhibited with CHX developed into morulae/blastocysts, due to a high incidence of polyspermy.9 Cortical granule migration occurred during inhibition, but CHX inhibition impaired CG migration, significantly no oocytes inhibited by CHX completed CG migration after maturation.10 CHX inhibition had no effects onα-microtubles and microfilaments of goat oocytes.

抑制24h转为正常培养24h，不影响卵母细胞的成熟和孤雌激活能力，并且CHX抑制后再成熟的卵母细胞经孤雌激活发育到囊胚的比例与对照组卵母细胞相似。8、体外受精后，CHX抑制后再成熟卵母细胞的多精受精现象显著增加，发育到桑椹胚/囊胚的比例显著低于对照组。9、CHX抑制过程中皮质颗粒仍能发生迁移，但是CHX抑制会对皮质颗粒的迁移造成不可恢复的损伤，使再成熟的卵母细胞内皮质颗粒不能完全迁移。10、CHX抑制对山羊卵母细胞α-微管和微丝都没有影响，无论是抑制后处于生发泡期的卵母细胞，还是抑制后再成熟的卵母细胞，微管和微丝的分布都与对照卵母细胞相似。

Methods C 57BL/6J strain female mice mated with KM male mice, after seeing plug 3.5 da ys the compacted morulae and blastocysts were collected and bisected microsurgic ally by using special knife, obtained half embryos were cultured and observed.

C57BL/6J雌性小鼠与KM雄性小鼠交配，见栓3.5d采集小鼠晚期桑椹胚和早期囊胚，应用显微手术刀直接分割法进行胚胎二等份分割，所得半胚体外培养，观察其发育情况。

The average cell number of each embryo were significant differences between 12-24 hr and 36-48 hr treatment and 0-72 hr treatment of early blastula; the cleavage index of each embryo were significant differences between 0-12hr and 24-36 hr treatment and 0-72 hr treatment of the hatching of blastula; embryo cell number and cleavage of other treatments were no differences.

早期囊胚的12-24h处理组和36-48h处理组的每一胚胎平均细胞数与0-72h处理组有显著差异；扩张囊胚0-72h处理组的分裂指数与0-12h处理组和24-36h处理组有显著差异，其它各组的胚细胞数和分裂指数均无差异。

However, adding organic matter of coconut water and casein hydrolysate had no evident effect on embryoid formation and crowd shoots growth.

结果表明：不同浓度的外源激素TDZ、ZT及其组合对胚状体的发生频率、丛芽的形成和生长起重要作用；蔗糖浓度对胚状体的发生及丛芽的生长影响较大，而添加有机质则对胚状体的发生及丛芽的生长没有明显影响。

The mature embryo consists of an embryonic axis and two cotyledons.

胚成熟时由胚轴和两枚子叶构成，胚乳丰富。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。