胚

In the present study, the autotetraploid rice IR36-4X was treated with ion implantation technique by nitrogen ion beams and a polyembryonic seedling mutant (named as the IR36-Shuang) was identified in M2 generation. The mutant line was systematically investigated about the location of seedling in polyembryonic seedling, and the cytological initiation of the additional embryo in the 1R36-Shuang was observed and determined.

以低能氮离子束为诱变源，通过对同源四倍体水稻品系&IR36-4X&进行离子注入后在其第2代群体内筛选得到了1株具有多胚苗性状特征的突变株（IR36-双），对该突变株后代的多胚苗形态特征及其多胚来源进行了研究。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

The results showed that, using transient GUS expression, the frequency of resistant calli and shoot differentiation as a criteria, wheat mature embryos were cultured on the preculture medium of CM4C1P for 14 days, and immersed in inoculation suspension Ⅰ for 3 hours, then the explants were co-cultured under desiccation conditions for 3 days, which was optimal conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat mature embryos.

为了进一步完善根癌农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化体系，以小麦成熟胚为转化受体，研究了根癌农杆菌介导法转化小麦的主要影响因素，结果表明，以gus基因瞬时表达率、抗性愈伤组织获得率和分化率为转化指标，小麦成熟胚在预培养基CM4C1P上预培养14d后，用侵染培养液Ⅰ侵染3h，再经干燥共培养方式处理3d，是根癌农杆菌介导成熟胚转化的合适条件。

In this study, the high salt content waste brine and regenerated salt from saturated waste brine were reused to solve the waste treatment problems and to save the salt use in the semidried mei processing.

本研究将制造梅胚所产生的高盐度腌梅废液及废液浓缩之再生盐重复应用於梅胚的腌渍过程，以期解决废盐液处理问题，并减少腌渍梅胚时的新盐用量。

However, cell counts and inner cell mass to trophectoderm ratios of the embryos exposed to elevated temperature were not different from controls, suggesting that the developmental potential of the embryos which survive to blastocyst stage are not overtly impaired.

然而，处理组牛胚在温度升高过程中，发育到第9天的囊胚数，细胞数及内细胞团与滋养外胚层比率在统计学上与对照组之间没有差异。由此揭示，升高温度对牛囊胚期胚胎的发育没有明显损害。

Then we compared cleavage rate and blastocyst rate among different groups. After that we evaluated the quality of blastocysts by using ICM/TE (Inner cell mass/Trophectoderm cells) ratio via staining with propidium iodide and Hoechest333258, and analyzed the level of genome methylation and histone acetylation by immunofluorescence.

比较各组受精卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率；并应用碘化丙啶和Hoechest333258对囊胚进行染色，利用ICM/TE值评价各组胚胎体外发育的质量；同时将囊胚进行免疫荧光染色，观察其基因组甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化的水平。

These results suggested that higher concentration of NaCl could cause the seed dormancy and accelerate the germination of ungerminated seeds. Perhaps there was a mechanism that the seed coat or embryo could prevent Na~+ from entering into the embryo so as to keep higher K~+ and lower Na~+/K~+ in the embryo. And it might be one of the physical mechanisms that the seed of Hibiscus hamabo Sieb.et Zucc. could resist high salinity stress. In addition, the annual seedlings of Hibiscus hamabo Sieb.et Zucc.

上述结果表明：高浓度的盐可以诱导海滨木槿种子休眠并促进盐胁迫解除后种子的萌发，这种机制可以使之避开不良的萌发条件，等到降雨使土壤溶液浓度降低再萌发，这是盐生植物的种子适应盐渍生境的一种有效方式；海滨木槿的种皮有阻挡Na~+进入胚的作用或胚具有某种拒Na~+的机制，使胚保持较高含量的K~+和较低的Na~+/K~+，这可能是海滨木槿种子耐盐的主要生理原因之一。

Here were expression of TGFαand EGFR mRNA in unmatured oocyte, matured oocyte, embryo and the expression of TGFαand EGFR in matured oocytes were comparatively more abundant than that in unmatured oocytes.

GFαmRNA的量在8细胞期下降到最低水平，并随着胚胎基因组的激活胚胎开始转录TGFα，使TGFαmRNA表达总量保持在一定水平，持续到桑椹胚期；EGFR mRNA的量在胚胎发育到桑椹胚期下降到最低，而囊胚期胚胎中的整体表达量又上升。

METHODS: Constructing the CAM model by exposing CAM on the shell subpoint between 2 vitelline veins and generating an air chamber after 5 days of incubated with aseptic incubator at 37℃.

将鸡胚消毒后，置于37℃无菌恒温箱中孵育5 d，在距胚头1 cm两条卵黄静脉之间的卵壳投影部位磨切暴露尿囊膜，制成假气室，用无菌滤纸封闭窗口，制成鸡胚尿囊膜模型，备用。

In this study, we selected swine as a xenogenic origin and compared the effects of swine tooth germ cell conditioned medium with hTGC-CM on human DPSCs. in vivo and in vitro.

将猪和人的牙胚条件培养基分别诱导人的牙髓干细胞，并从体内、体外比较了猪牙胚条件培养基和人牙胚条件培养基对人牙髓干细胞的诱导作用。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。