背景情况

BACKGROUND: Posterior tibial nerve block has traditionallybeen performed in the para-medial malleolar area without nervestimulator guidance.

背景：在没有神经刺激器引导的情况下，胫后神经阻滞传统是在旁正中踝区域完成的。

Methods: The rapid oscillatory and slow components (a- and b-waves) of single ERGs were simultaneously recorded in nine healthy, young subjects in response to first flash after both DA of 45 mins and light adaptation to a steady background light of low mesopic intensity.

选取9位健康青年受试者，记录其在45分钟的暗适应后及在中间照明亮度背景下的明适应两种不同情形后闪光刺激的ERG，描记a波和b波情况。

At last, combining with space convergence of surround rock, numerical analysis conclusion and field support measurements, it gives a security and stability appraisal of flat dip layer in Xi Shanping Tunnel; also, some advices are given about the monitorial work and numerical simulation.

本文结合西山坪隧道的修建背景，以施工量测与监控的结果为基础，选择了有代表性断面，对单一巨厚围岩不同产状、穿煤系地层段、上伏及下伏采空回填区段的内空收敛情况进行了对比分析。

Background: Insulin resistance, infertility, and hirsutism, common characteristics of polycystic oary syndrome, improe with een modest weight loss.

背景：胰岛素抵抗，不育症和多毛症，是多囊肝卵巢综合征常见特征，在适度的体重减轻情况下这些症状有所减轻。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

It attempts to identify the true owner by hiding perceptually invisible information inside the digital data. In this thesis, for the purpose of protecting the Intellectual Property Rights of digital images, a Discrete Wavelet Transform based digital watermark algorithm is described.

在这个背景下，如何防止具有版权的数字数据在未经允许的情况下，被非法的使用或是传播，这就提出新的研究的课题：就是如何运用现有的理论和技术，更好的解决数字产品所有者的合法权益的保护问题。

BACKGROUND: Distribution of plantar pressure reflects the structure function of the feet and the posture control of whole body.

背景：人体的足底压力分布反映了有关足的结构功能及整个身体姿势控制等情况。

The introduction work directed towards how the system realized the auto-control management of equipment in terminal building, especially under the conditions as bad outdoor weather, huge space, multi and polytypic equipment, and non-standard air conditioner system, and meanwhile reached the goal of improve system operation quality, raise management level, reduce intensity of labor in operation management , and save operation energy

本文以满洲里西郊机场扩建工程实例为背景，从系统结构、控制器功能、末端选择、控制工艺等方面介绍Techcon楼控系统针对室外气候恶劣、大空间、多数量多类型设备、非标空调机组的情况实现航站楼类型建筑设备管理系统自动化，起到改善系统运行品质、提高管理水平、降低运行管理劳动强度、节省运行能耗的作用。

The premodern study on the tone of japanese is closely related to the then background of japanese linguistic research, which is conducted on the basis of the introduction of western academic thoughts and research methods, together with the study on japanese as native language.

提 要：日语语气的前现代研究与当时日本语言学的研究背景密切相关，是在引进西方学术思想和研究方法的基础上，结合日语国语学研究的实际情况进行的。

BACKGROUND:"Optimal" positive end-expiratory pressure can be defined as the PEEP that prevents recollapse after a recruitment maneuver, avoids over-distension, and, consequently, leads to optimal lung mechanics at minimal dead space ventilation.

背景：&最佳&呼气末正压可定义为：可预防复张后再萎陷、避免过度扩张，在最小的死腔通气情况下达到理想的肺力学状态的 PEEP 。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。