背景反射

The contribution of some sensitive factors such as the average inclination angle of all components belonged to rice and LAI was a...

得到了薄层水体和土壤背景的一次反射辐射以及在冠层内部、薄层水体和土壤表面相互间的多次反射辐射随水稻各组分平均倾角的变化规律，冠层双向反射率随叶面积指数LAI的变化特征

The paper demonstrates the feasibility of this interrogation project in theory in the cases of background reflectance and the ideal case respectively and analyzes the error caused by the noise.

该文分别从理想状态和存在背景反射的状态论证了本文提出的方案的可行性，分析了噪声引起的误差。

Tested approaches where background reflectance is described as a n-degree polynomial in wavelength, resulting in a second degree polynomial (n=2) for the O2-A band, while a higher degree polynomial (n=6) was necessary for the O2-B band, as tested over a large database of many possible combinations of r and F cases.

测试(2009)方法在背景反射被描述为一个n-degree 多项式的波长，导致了第二学位多项式(n = 2)，而O2-A乐队更高程度的多项式(n = 6)是必要的，O2-B乐队测试在大型数据库的吗许多可能的组合和F的病例。

On the basis of sensitivity analyses using the PROSAIL model, the present study demonstrates an approach that uses a neural network based on image classification incorporated in PROSAIL for accurate retrieval of LAI. By including the soil reflectance index in the original PROSAIL model to take the place of soil background reflectance parameters that are difficult to determine, specific neural networks are constructed corresponding to individual types of vegetation cover.

在PROSAIL模型敏感性分析的基础上提出了一种基于影像分类的神经网络反演方法，引进了土壤反射指数用于替代原模型中难以确定的土壤背景反射参数，分别针对不同植被类型建立各自的神经网络，对经过大气纠正后的Landsat ETM+影像进行了模拟实验并同野外实测LAI数据进行比较。

Improvement of MT migration tomography technology Based on the immanent relationship between tomography purpose and suitable frequency segment selection, we raise an entire frequency segment multi-parameter tomography scheme of MT finite difference migration. We establish a mathematical relationship among apparent electromagnetism reflectance, migration reflectance, background resistivity and the true resistivity distribution. After the introduction of TE/TM mode superpose rate, we carry out the associated resistivity tomography of two polarization mode to adapt the practical data interpolating situation.

大地电磁偏移成像的改进：针对频段选择和成像效果的内在关系，提出全频段、多参数有限差分偏移的解决方案；构建视反射系数、偏移反射系数、背景电阻率与实际电阻率分布的数学关系实现偏移电阻率成像；同时引入TE、TM模式加权因子以实现两个模式的联合偏移电阻率成像，更好的适应解释工作需要。

A Thermally switchable and flexible LCDs:A PDCLC sample is irradiated with a UV light through a photo-mask having the desired patterns, the CLC texture in the UV-cured region is changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the LCs in UV-cured regions is higher than that in uncured regions. Therefore, if the cell temperature is lower than Tuc-I (Tuc-I and Tc-I), the scattered patterns are displayed on the reflective background. Moreover, the addressed patterns are invisible when the cell temperature increases higher than Tc-I.

利用紫外光经过透射光罩写入图像，使聚合区域为散射之focal conic态，且该区域之相变温度较未照光区域高，故低於Tuc-I时，散射的focal conic图像显示於反射的planar结构背景上；而介於Tc-I及Tuc-I之间时，散射的focal conic图像显示於穿透的isotropic态背景上；若温度高於Tc-I时，图像与背景皆是isotropic态，亦即关闭显示图像。

The invention relates to a light pumping system for all-solid laser, particularly a light pumping system for disc type laser, comprising heat sink, laser crystal, optical fiber, plane reflector, a first concave reflector, a second concave reflector, and a third concave reflector, and adopting a structure that the plane reflector is between the optical fiber and the first concave reflector, to make the LD and laser cavity on the same side of the laser crystal, thus reducing the packaged size of the laser; the invention fixes the plane reflector on the heat sink to reduce the inclined incident angle of the pumped light beam, thus the pumped light can be fully absorbed, and the invention solves the problem of pumping efficiency and largely reduces the bulk of the laser, beneficial to the all curing of the product and ensuring the cooling requirement of the laser crystal.

本发明涉及全固体激光器的光泵浦系统，特别是一种盘式激光器的光泵浦系统。包括热沉1、激光晶体2、光纤3、平面反射镜4、第一凹面反射镜5、第二凹面反射镜6、第三凹面反射镜7，本发明采用平面反射镜位于光纤与第一凹面反射镜之间的结构，使LD和激光腔位于本发明激光晶体的同一侧，从而减小了激光器的封装尺寸；本发明将平面反射镜固定在热沉上，使泵浦光束斜入射角减小，泵浦光则能充分吸收，为此，本发明解决背景技术采用第一凹面反射镜使泵浦光束斜入射角过大引起的像散，泵浦光斑变形引起泵浦效率降低问题，使得本发明可选用大面积半导体制冷器，避免使用水冷，则激光器的体积大大减少，有利于产品的全固化，保证了激光晶体的散热要求。

The disturbed signals include clutter from ground and space, such as cloud and rain.

该模型中的复杂背景包括地杂波下垫面的干扰反射信号和空间分布反射体的干扰反射信号。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的"同物异谱"现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被"红边"范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的&同物异谱&现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被&红边&范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。