胆管

The duct is diffusingly narrow. The bile duct wall is stiff without flexibility, taking the shape of leaden tube. The normal intrahepatic bile duct is deprived of its "willow"-style softness and smoothness. The intrahepatic bile duct branches are to scarce to reach the edge of the liver, taking the shape of "withered arborization" or "pruned trees".

胆管呈弥漫性狭窄，胆管壁僵硬，缺乏弹性，呈铅管状，失去正常肝内胆管的"垂柳"样的柔软、平滑的表现，肝内胆管细支显得稀少而达不到肝脏的边缘，呈所谓的"枯枝"或"剪枝"状。

Methods The approach is based on the 39 cases which had been diagnosed as biliary duct ascariasis through ultrasonic examination and later been confirmed clinically from March,2003 to May,2006 in Changhang Hospital,according to which we analyze manifestations and clinical significance of biliary duct ascariasis and its complications.

摘要］ 目的通过分析和总结胆管蛔虫症的声像图表现及其临床意义来提高对本病声像图的认识及诊断符合率方法通过回顾性分析我院2003年4月～2006年5月超声诊断胆管蛔虫症、临床最后确诊的39例病例资料，分析胆管蛔虫及其并发症在超声图像上的表现和临床意义。

Clinical practice has proved that ultrasonic examination is the first reference to diagnose biliary duct ascariasis and this disease has complicated manifestations on ultrasonic figures.

超声检查是临床诊断胆管蛔虫症的首选方法，胆管蛔虫症在超声图像上的表现复杂样，正确认识胆管蛔虫症的声像特征，才能好地发挥超声检查对本病的诊断价值。

ABSTRACT Objective To discuss the importance of the study of conformation and variation of extrahepatic bile duct before gallbladder operationMethods The images of 100 cases having normal structure of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct were studied;the conformations and confluence sites were analyzedResults Among the 100 cases,97 cases had clear images of extrahepatic bile duct (97%),3 cases with large amount of air bulbs in bile duct because of the laxation of the lower common bile duct still had clear images of the general conformation of extrahepatic bile duct,87 cases had clear images of gallbladder and cystic duct (87%),13 cases (13%) had partial images of gallbladder or cystic ductConclusions ERCP can clearly show out the conformation and variation of extrahepatic bile duct and cystic duct and it is of important value before gallbladder operation

目的 通过对100例胆囊及肝外胆管正常结构尚存在的患者ERCP图像资料进行归纳和分析，探讨胆囊手术术前了解肝外胆道系统形态及变异的重要性。方法选出100例胆囊及肝外胆管正常结构尚存在的患者图像，对其形态、汇合位置进行分析。结果 100例患者图像中肝外胆管显示清晰者97例(97%)，3例因胆总管下端开口松弛导致大量气泡进入胆道，但肝外胆管大体形态显示尚清晰，胆囊及胆囊管显示清晰者87例(87%)，13例(13%)仅部分显示胆囊或胆囊管。结论 ERCP可以清晰显示肝外胆管及胆囊管的形态及变异情况，对于胆囊手术术前了解肝外胆道系统形态及变异有重要价值。 ERCP；胆囊管；肝外胆管

Five cases of the total arecholecystolithiasis,three cases are gallbladder polypus,one case is acute c...

结论医源性胆管损伤在基层医院的发生率较高，避免医源性胆管损伤的发生，关键在于预防，如果发生胆管损伤，要早期发现、尽早治疗，对于损伤严重的损伤胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合是有效和安全的。

Results In 45 cases of biliary obstructive disease,there was intraductal stone in 29 cases,choledochitis in 5 cases,choledochal cyst in 2 cases,malignant tumor in 9 cases.intraductal stone in 29 cases was mostly presented as single or multiple round or...

结果45例中，胆管结石29例、炎症5例、胆总管囊肿2例、恶性肿瘤9例。29例胆管结石在T1WI及T2WI一般表现为胆管内单个或多个圆形、卵圆形的低信号，磁共振胰胆管成像示梗阻端呈圆形或杯口状信号缺失；9例恶性肿瘤中7例显示梗阻部位T1WI为低、等信号，T2WI为等、稍高信号的肿块灶，MRCP示梗阻端呈&截断&状或&鼠尾&状狭窄。

Methods: Sixty-three cases of left hepatolith underwent operations of left-half hepatectomy, Roux-en-Y cholangio-jejunostomy and removal of stones by cholangiotomy under the condition of hemihepatic blood flow occlusion at normal atmospheric temperature.

回顾性总结63例左肝内胆管结石患者在常温下阻断左半肝血流，行左肝叶切除、肝内含石胆管直视下切开取石和肝胆管Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合等手术后，患者术后并发症、肝内胆管结石的复发率、再手术率以及术后患者的肝功能恢复情况等。

Methods: Sixtythree cases of left hepatolith underwent operations of lefthalf hepatectomy, RouxenY cholangiojejunostomy and removal of stones by cholangiotomy under the condition of hemihepatic blood flow occlusion at normal atmospheric temperature.

回顾性总结63例左肝内胆管结石患者在常温下阻断左半肝血流，行左肝叶切除、肝内含石胆管直视下切开取石和肝胆管Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合等手术后，患者术后并发症、肝内胆管结石的复发率、再手术率以及术后患者的肝功能恢复情况等。

Methods DCs were pre pared from peripherad blood mononuclear induce d with gra-nulocyt e／macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4.Apoptosis of he patochlangioma cells were induced with γ-radiation.We design these experiment groups including(1)coculture of DCs and apoptotic cancer cells and T cells,(2)co culture of DCs and necrosis cancer cells and T cells,(3)coculture of DCs and cul tured cancer cell and T cells,(4)cocultu re of DCs and T cell,(5)cocuture of DCs and cultured cancer cell.

用粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子加白介素-4(IL-4)从人外周血分化、诱导DCs、γ-射线在体外诱导培养的人胆管癌细胞凋亡，将DCs、T淋巴细胞和凋亡胆管癌细胞共培养，同时设计不同类型肿瘤细胞(坏死胆管癌细胞及培养胆管癌细胞)作对照，7d后，分离、富集DCs、T 淋巴细胞进行免疫应答及肿瘤细胞杀伤试验。

Methods The bile duct of rabbit was excided and a pipe supporting bile duct was inserted through duodenal major papilla to establish a model. V.G staining and TGF-beta 1 immunohistochemistry staining on tubal wall of rabbit bile duct in different times were used to determine quantitatively the intensity of light TGF-beta 1 positive area and the relationship between the integral-optical density of bile duct tissue collagen content and time.

切开兔胆管并自十二指肠乳头行胆管内支撑方法建立模型，将不同时期梗阻段胆管壁进行V.G染色和β1型转化生长因子（transforming growth factor beta 1，TGF-β1）免疫组化染色，测定TGF-β1阳性区域的光度以及胆管组织胶原含量积分光密度随时间变化关系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。