胆碱能的

Objective To investigate the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and GABAB receptors in lamina Ⅱ neurons in spinal cord.

目的观察M胆碱能受体亚型M2和B型γ-氨基丁酸受体在脊髓Ⅱ板层神经元的表达情况。

Study Selection Randomized controlled trials of any inhaled anticholinergic for treatment of COPD that had at least 30 days of treatment and reported on cardiovascular events.

文献纳入标准研究吸入抗胆碱能药物治疗COPD的随机对照试验，药物治疗时间不少于30天，并且报道有心血管不良事件。

Objective:To observe the effect of aerosol inhalation of β 2 receptor stimulant combined with anticholinergic in treating asthma attack.

目的 ：观察β2 受体激动剂硫酸特布他林和抗胆碱能药物溴化异丙托品联合雾化吸入治疗哮喘急性发作的作用。

Besides,the disease is usually treated by synthetic antidiuretic hormone and anticholinergic in pharmacological treatment,which has a quick effect,yet it is easy to relapse.

目前，主要的治疗方法为行为治疗（膀胱功能训练和尿湿报警器治疗）和药物治疗（以人工合成抗利尿激素和抗胆碱能药物使用较多）。

By the analysis of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents, the data provide evidence that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms play a prominent role in the modulation of the excitability of MVNn and also offer a new idea for the efficacy of anticholinergic drugs.

通过对MNVn中M受体通道电流性质的分析，从而进一步揭示毒蕈碱样胆碱能机制在MVNn的兴奋性调节作用，并为临床抗胆碱药物的应用提供新的思路。

In the presence of selected growth factors, tNSCs differentiated into astroglia, oligodendroglia, and neurons expressing markers for cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic cells.

在几种特定生长因子存在的情况下，tNSCs分化为星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞及表达胆碱能、GABA能、谷氨酸能标志物的神经元。

GABA-ergic neuron may involve in the modulation of acetylcholine releasing in spinal cord and in the thermoregulation in preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus,which may lead to the TPM related hypohidrosis.

4GABA能神经元可能参与节前胆碱能神经元调节、GABA能神经元参与丘脑下部对高温的反应。这种参与活动可能与TPM泌汗障碍相关。

The model of brain concussion of rat can be established successfully using iron pendulum hitting device; 2. The spatial learning and memory deficits of the rats are detected by MWM in early period post-BC(from 1 to 3 days after BC); 3. Pycnosis degeneration or necrosis neurons of the cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, dentate fornix and brainstem reticular formation are identified in BC rats; 4. There are significantly changes in the number and activity of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and brainstem reticular formation after BC; 5. The change of cerebral neurons and cholinergic neurons correlate with cognitive deficits in BC rats .

1、单摆式闭合性机械打击装置能成功建立脑震荡大鼠模型；2、脑震荡大鼠在MWM实验中出现早期空间认知行为障碍；3、脑震荡大鼠大脑皮质、背侧海马、齿状回和脑干网状结构出现程度不等的部分神经元固缩变性和不完全性坏死；4、脑震荡大鼠基底前脑、脑干网状结构ChAT活性表达有明显变化；5、脑震荡大鼠认知障碍与相关脑区神经元、胆碱能神经元的变化有关联。

Results Ket,NMDA-receptor antagonist,in the subeffetive doses(5mg/kg),significantly obstruct the acquisition of SDER when combined with the subeffective dose of M receptor antagonist Scop(3mg/kg). Conclusions Ket can potentiates obstructing-effects of Scop in neutropic effect,and the findings provide further support for the interaction of cholinergic and glutaminergic systems in learning and memory process.

于是，本实验试图通过合用亚有效量的M—受体阻抗剂东莨菪碱和亚有效量NMDA受体的选择性拮抗剂氯胺酮观察对小鼠跳台回避反应的影响，从而从阻碍学习获得的角度来探讨胆碱能递质系统与谷氨酸能递质系统是否共同参与学习记忆功能。

Atropin did not down-regulate the inhibitive effects of both carbachol and nicotine.

表明卡巴胆碱的抗炎作用与烟碱相似，都是通过N样胆碱能受体α7亚基实现的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。