胆碱

Objective To investigate the effects of carbachol after gut ischemiareperfusion combined with endtoxin challenge in rats.

目的 探讨拟胆碱药卡巴胆碱对肠缺血再灌注复合内毒素血症大鼠肠道功能的影响。

Methods: The number of microglia treated with different doses of carbachol and GM-CSF was determined by MTT assay.

培养的小胶质细胞系，加入不同浓度的卡巴胆碱或卡巴胆碱与粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor， GM-CSF)，用MTT方法检测细胞活性，观察对小胶质细胞数量的影响。

Aim To investigate the effects of carbachol on inflammatory cytokine releases from rat peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide and its receptor.

目的在体外脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）刺激大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞炎症模型中观察拟胆碱药卡巴胆碱对炎症细胞因子释放的影响，并研究其受体途径。

Carbachol may take a significant role in the prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rat.

拟胆碱药卡巴胆碱能显著预防大鼠腹腔粘连形成，降低粘连程度。

In higher plants,glycin betaine is synthesis from choline by choline monooxygenaseand betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.

在高等植物中，甜菜碱是由胆碱经胆碱单加氧酶(choline monooxygenase，CMO)和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(betainealdehyde dehydrogenase，BADH)催化生成的。

Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C might play a key role in the signal transduction. The PC-PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine to DAG. DAG is the second message in the cells and activates protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase.

磷脂酰胆碱特异性磷脂酶C在信号传递过程中具有重要作用，能特异性水解磷脂酰胆碱产生第二信使——二酯酰甘油，而DAG又可以激活蛋白激酶C，进一步把信号传递给丝裂原活化蛋白激酶，从而参与调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡。

Muscarinic M1 receptor has close relation to AD since the activation of M1 receptor can inhibit the formation of amyloid spot and improve the function of cholinergic system.

毒蕈胆碱M1受体和阿尔茨海默病有着密切的联系，其激活能有效的改善胆碱能系统活性和抑制脑内淀粉斑的形成，是治疗和减缓该病的有效途径。

Ulnar nerve was stimulated with train-of-four(interval=12sec,frequency=2Hz) via surface elec- trodes at the wrist. The TOF was used to monitoring of neuromuscular function.antagonism of a phase II block.The Group A patients of phase II block was antagonized by a cholinesterase inhibitor .

26例择期手术患者随机分为A、B两组，分别在诱导期给予不同剂量的氯化琥珀胆碱(suxamethonium chloride or succinylcholine chloride)，随后予以0.1%的琥珀胆碱静脉滴注维持肌松，用四个成串刺激（Train-of-Four Stimulation，TOF）监测肌松，对发生Ⅱ相阻滞的患者一组使用新斯的明拮抗，另一组则不使用。

Cinylcholine respectively during induction of anesthesia ,then continous 0.1% suc?cinylcholine infusion to maintain muscular relaxant.Ulnar nerve was stimulated with train-of-four(interval=12sec,frequency=2Hz) via surface elec- trodes at the wrist. The TOF was used to monitoring of neuromuscular function.antagonism of a phase II block.The Group A patients of phase II block was antagonized by a cholinesterase inhibitor .

26例择期手术患者随机分为A、B两组，分别在诱导期给予不同剂量的氯化琥珀胆碱(suxamethonium chloride or succinylcholine chloride)，随后予以0.1%的琥珀胆碱静脉滴注维持肌松，用四个成串刺激（Train-of-Four Stimulation，TOF）监测肌松，对发生Ⅱ相阻滞的患者一组使用新斯的明拮抗，另一组则不使用。

In this experiment, 250mL Erlenmeyer flask with 50mL reaction liquid(400mmol/L glucose, 10mmol/L CMP, 50mmol/L choline phosphate, 100mmol/L K 2HPO 4 KH 2PO 4, 10mmol/L MgSO 4, pH=8.0) and 1 200g/L immobilized cells were used. After 4h incubation 400mmol/L of glucose was supplemented.

结果表明：2 5 0 m L摇瓶中加入 5 0 m L反应液(葡萄糖 40 0 mmol/ L，CMP1 0 mmol/ L，磷酸胆碱 5 0 mmol/ L，K2 HPO4 -KH2 PO4 缓冲液 1 0 0 mmol/ L，Mg SO4 1 0 mmol/ L，p H=8.0 )，固定化细胞 1 2 0 0 g/ L，3 4°C、1 5 0 r/ min下，反应 4h后补加 40 0 mmol/ L葡萄糖，反应 8h可使60 %以上的 CMP转化为 CDP-胆碱。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。