胆碱

TAK-147{- [ 1 --4-piperidinyl ]-1-(1,3,4, 5 - tetrahydro- 1H - 1 - benzazepin - 8 - yl )- 1 - propanone fumarate } has been recently introduced to be another selective AChE inhibitor, which is indicated to selectively inhibit activity of AChE.

这些证据提示了胆碱替代疗法同样可以用于临床VD治疗。近年来，有报道一些胆碱酯酶抑制剂对脑缺血有保护作用，如 HuPerzine A和 ENAJ。

Objective: To investigate the relationship among cholinesterase and Child -Pugh score of cirrhosis. To investigate the clinical significance of serum cholinesterase of patients with liver cirrhosis.

目的：探讨肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级与血清胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase，ChE)活性的相互关系，以及肝硬化患者血清胆碱酯酶活性测定的临床意义。

So GSL in combination with choline can synergically reduce the impairment of learning and memory of AD model rats and the mechanism may be involved in enhancing the function of central cholinergic system.

表明 GSL和胆碱合用有协同改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆障碍的作用，其机理与协同提高ChAT活性，增强中枢胆碱能神经功能有关。

It appears that glutamatergic and cholinergic inputs from the retina, and cholinergic and gabaergic inputs from NI may converge on tectal neurons in anurans.

因比，从视网膜来的谷氨酸能、胆碱能输入和从峡核来的胆碱能、GABA能输入共存于顶盖神经元。

Methods Forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group, n=12), operation group (n=16) and carbachol treated group (carbachol group, n=16, carbachol 50 μg/kg). Animal model of abdominal adhesion was established by rubbing the procussus vermiformis of cecum with dry sterile gauze, and by clamping and scuffing abdominal wall.

44只雄性Wistar大鼠按完全随机法分为假手术组(n=12)、手术对照组(n=16)及卡巴胆碱组(n=16，卡巴胆碱50 μg/kg)，后2组采用开腹后无菌干纱布摩擦大鼠盲肠蚓突部，钳夹和刮伤腹壁法制作大鼠腹腔粘连动物模型。

However, fully consideration of special structure and physiological function of CRP is critical to investigate whether CRP provide protect effect or pathogenic effect in the progression of atherosclerosis. CRP is a member of pentrxins family, which consists of five identical, noncovalently associated 23-kDa protomers arranged symmetrically around a central pore with a 102 A external diameter. Each protomer has a recognition face with a phosphocholine binding site consisting of two coordinated calcium ions adjacent to a hydrophobic pocket. The opposite face of the pentamer is the effector face, where complement Clq binds and Fc receptors are presumed to bind. A cleft extends from the center of the protomer to the central pore of the pentamer. Both faces ofpentamer form a special bi-phase structure: one face is the ligand recognition phase, which can recognize apoptosis cells and enzyme modified low density lipoprotein in which PCh is exposed.

CRP是一种五聚体蛋白，外径为102 A，由5个相同的单体以非共价键结合，形成双面的环形结构，每个单体的配体识别位点或受体结合位点分别位于五聚体两个平面上，分别组成配体识别相和效应器相，从而构成特殊的二相性结构：一面为配体识别相，含有磷酸胆碱(phosphorycholine，PCh)结合位点，能够使CRP识别在病理条件下暴露出PCh的凋亡细胞、酶修饰低密度脂蛋白(enzyme modified low density lipoprotein，E-LDL)等。E-LDL是天然低密度脂蛋白(native Low density lipoprotein，N-LDL)在多种蛋白酶，如胰蛋白酶、神经氨酸酶、胆固醇酯酶等作用下的代谢产物，其主要特点是结构发生改变(N-LDL大小均匀，平均直径250±30 A，E-LDL大小差异极大，直径为100-2000 A)，暴露磷酸胆碱位点，能够被CRP识别；另一面为效应器相，能够与巨噬细胞、单核细胞表面受体FcγRⅡa结合，介导巨噬细胞、单核细胞识别及吞噬凋亡、坏死细胞作用。

Methods The shock model was established by ligaturing rats' carotid arteries of both sides for 30 minutes; the contents of malondialehyde and the activities of superoxid diomutases and AChE in the hippocampal formation were tested.

AChE是乙欧胆碱的水解酶，它在神经系统的作用一直被认为与胆碱能神经递质传递相关联。

Results］In Wistar rat ICC is innervated by both cholinergic and nitrergic nerves and possessed specialized synapse-like junctions with nerve varicosities and gap junction contacts with smooth muscle cells.

胆碱能/氮能神经彼此相接形成网状结构，ICC网络围绕着胆碱能/氮能神经网络，并与神经纤维和平滑肌纤维紧密连接，ICC相互之间、与平滑肌细胞间可见缝隙连接。

Which can be used as the body of vitamin B1 coenzyme of many enzymes in the normal human body has an important role in glucose metabolism, it can inhibit the activity of cholinesterase, and choline esterase is an important neurotransmitter, and thus nerve conduction impact; vitamin B2 in the organization by participating in a variety of yellow enzymes constitute a coenzyme, its role in bio-oxidation process in the delivery of hydrogen role in regulating the body's metabolism process; vitamin B6 can also be a variety of enzymes as coenzyme participate in all kinds of amino acid metabolism, promote the absorption of amino acids and protein synthesis, cell growth is necessary for the material, which also promote fat metabolism, involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, hemoglobin synthesis and the impact on the normal reproductive functions such as human body an important metabolic process, Volkswagen Medicine Net: What liver protection effect of vitamin B family?

可作为维生素乙许多酶的辅酶，在正常人体组织中有一个用糖代谢的重要作用，能抑制胆碱酯酶活性，和胆碱脂酶是一个重要的神经递质，神经传导，从而影响；由黄色参与各种酶在组织中维生素B2构成辅酶，其作用在生物氧化氢的作用，调节人体的代谢过程中产程；维生素B6也可以是作为辅酶参与氨基酸代谢的各种酶的品种，促进氨基酸的吸收和蛋白质合成，细胞生长是必要的材料，这也促进脂肪代谢的神经递质合成，血红蛋白合成和参与，如影响人体生殖功能的正常新陈代谢过程中一个重要的，（大众医药网：什么样的维生素B家庭肝脏的保护作用？

Atropin did not down-regulate the inhibitive effects of both carbachol and nicotine.

表明卡巴胆碱的抗炎作用与烟碱相似，都是通过N样胆碱能受体α7亚基实现的。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。