胆碱

Myasthenic symptom was not clianged in one patient for whom radiotherapy had been standed before operation nor during the course of postoperative radiotherapy.

单次剂量1.8～2.0Gy的照射方式不会加重肌无力症状，但放疗中必须应用合理的抗胆碱酯酶药物，密切观察肌无力变化，及时调整药物治疗方案。

In recent years, ENK-IR neurons in myenteric plexus have been discovered. ENK is one of the important neurotransmitters in ENS. It can reduce the amplitude of cholinergic fEPSP and the release of Ach so as to inhibit contraction of smooth muscles.

近年发现在肠肌间丛神经元中有ENK-IR神经元，脑啡肽是肠神经系统中重要的神经递质之一，可降低胆碱能快速兴奋性突触后电位的幅度，减少乙酰胆碱的释放，抑制平滑肌的收缩。

Some are slowly progressive and a myopathic EMG may occur if there is an associated endplate myopathy (eg, in slow channel syndrome or acetylcholine esterase deficiency) or in DOK7 synaptopathy.

一部分缓慢进展，当伴随有终板的改变（如：在慢通道综合症或胆碱酯酶缺乏）或者在DOK7突触病时，EMG呈肌源性改变。

ABSTRACT: Objective To isolate muscarinic peptide from Naja atra venom and to study the effect of MP in muscarinic cholinergic receptor.

目的 从舟山眼镜蛇Naja atra蛇毒中分离毒蕈碱样多肽，探讨其与M胆碱受体的关系。

Nerve grows factor and brain-derived neurotropic factor, as one of the important active molecules, belong to neurotrophic family, which can affect the development of neuron and prevent neuron from damage.

神经生长因子（Nerve grows factor，NGF）和脑源性神经生长因子(Brain-derived neurotropic factor，BDNF)属于神经营养素家族，是神经系统重要的活性分子之一，是中枢神经系统胆碱能神经元、周围神经系统交感神经元及感觉神经元发育、分化、功能活动必不可少的营养分子。

Furthermore,activation of nicotinic receptors facilitates the release ofnorepinephrine in the spinal cord.

而且，胆碱能受体的活化有助于脊索的去甲肾上腺素的释放。

We also assessed the response to mecamylamine, a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist.

我们还评估了回应美加明，一烟碱胆碱受体拮抗剂。

Previous work has suggested that nicotinic inhibitioncould mediate the pronociceptive action of isoflurane.

以前的研究提示，胆碱能抑制剂可以调节异氟醚的早期痛觉作用。

Sustained AF could be induced easily in all dogs during vagal nerve stimulation in vivo both before and after isolation of all PVs with encircling lesions created by a bipolar radiofrequency ablation clamp device. PV elimination had no effect on atrial effective refractory period or its responses to cholinergic stimulation. Autonomic ganglia were identified by bradycardic and/or tachycardic responses to high-frequency subthreshold local stimulation. Ablation of the autonomic ganglia overlying all PV ostia suppressed the effective refractory period-abbreviating and AF-promoting effects of cervical vagal stimulation, whereas ablation of only left- or right-sided PV ostial ganglia failed to suppress AF.

无论是在双极环状消融所有PV之前或之后，在体刺激颈迷走神经节过程中持续性房颤在所有犬均能轻易被诱导出，PV切除对心房肌的有效不应期或对胆碱的反应均没有影响，通过对高频的域下刺激发生快速或慢速反应来鉴定自主神经节，消融叠加于PV口部的自主神经节能抑制有效不应期的缩短、和刺激颈迷走神经诱发的房颤促进作用，而仅消融左或右侧PV口部的自主神经节却不能抑制房颤。

It typically presents as a pedunculated or sessile mass, slightly hypo- or isointense to cortex on T1 and generally slightly bright on T2, without contrast enhancement and stable over time.

典型表现为有蒂或无蒂的肿块，T1序列上表现为稍低或等信号，T2为稍高信号，无强化，MRS表现为低NAA，正常到轻度升高的胆碱峰和高肌醇。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。