胆碱

Process for the preparation of phosphatidylserine of formula wherein R and R independently represent a saturated, mono-unsaturated or polyunsaturated acyl C10-C30, X=OH or OM where M=alkaline or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium including the transphosphatidylation reaction between phosphatidylcholine of the general formula wherein R and R and X have the above specified meanings, R=CH2-CH2- NH2 o CH2-CH2-N(CH3)3 and Serine in D, L or racemic form catalysed by the phospholipase D enzyme, characterised in that said reaction is carried out in a hydroalcoholic medium containing an aliphatic alcohol and in the presence of bivalent metal oxide.

本发明涉及制备式CH 2 OR 1 CHOR 2 CH 2 O-P-OCH 2 -CH(NH 2 )-COOHX的磷脂酰丝氨酸的方法，其中R 1 和R 2 独立地表示饱和的、单不饱和的和/或多不饱和的酰基C 10 -C 30 ，X＝OH或OM，其中M＝碱或碱土金属、铵、烷基铵，该方法包括通式CH 2 OR 1 CHOR 2 CH 2 O-P-OR 3 X的磷脂酰胆碱其中R 1 和R 2 以及X具有上述特别的含义，R 3 ＝CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 或CH 2 -CH 2 -N (CH 3 3 与D、L或外消旋形式的丝氨酸之间的转磷脂酰化反应，该反应是通过磷脂酶D酶催化的，其特征在于所述的反应是在包含脂族醇的含水醇介质中并且在二价金属氧化物的存在下进行的。

In the present thesis study, the therapeutic effects of KXS on improving the ability of learning and memory of mice induced by scopolamine hydrobromide, ethanol or cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were investigated using both water maze and passive avoidance performance.

实验结果显示，KXS对以上多种模型动物均具有一定的改善作用，可以通过改善模型动物中枢胆碱能功能、提高中枢抗脂质过氧化能力、拮抗单胺类递质的异常变化等途径起效。

In this thesis, two classes nonquaternary Cholinesterase Reactivators (1,2,4-oxadiazole and a -ketothio Hydroximic Acids derivatives ) and some clinical therapy used reactivators added to almost 40 cases have been caculated by using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis,ab initio and molecular mechanism methods. The characteristics of the molecular orbitals and the quantitative structure-activity relationship have been investigated.

本文利用比较分子力场法，量子化学从头算法，分子力学及计算化学回归分析等方法，对1，2，4-oxadiazole类非季铵肟胆碱酯酶复能剂，α—酮硫代异羟肟酸酯复能剂及部分现临床使用的复能剂，近40个化合物进行了计算，分析和研究了其电子结构和几何结构特征，建立了定量构效关系方程，得到了以下一些有意义的结果。

The rat with pyridostigmine that caused a 52% decrease in plasma ChE activity led to a significant enhancement of the hyperthermic response to open-field exposure.

给大鼠吡啶斯的明可引起血浆胆碱酯酶的活性降低52%，而导致暴露在开放环境中大鼠的体温过高反应明显提高。

Experimental data showed that methyl scopolamine and pyridostigmine could interfere with the thermoregulatory response to open field exposure,and indicated that peripheral cholinergic nerve involved in the control of stress hyperthermic response in the rat.

实验结果表明，吡啶斯的明和甲基东莨菪碱可以影响暴露在开放环境中大鼠的体温调节反应，提示外周胆碱能神经参与大鼠应激性体温过高反应的调节。

Dementia and cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease have been attributed to hypofunction of cholinergic system in the brain.

阿尔采默病导致的痴呆和认知障碍等症状，主要是由于脑内胆碱能突触传递受损引起的。

GABA-ergic neuron may involve in the modulation of acetylcholine releasing in spinal cord and in the thermoregulation in preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus,which may lead to the TPM related hypohidrosis.

4GABA能神经元可能参与节前胆碱能神经元调节、GABA能神经元参与丘脑下部对高温的反应。这种参与活动可能与TPM泌汗障碍相关。

MethodsThe effects of different parts of Hyssopus officinalis on bacteria were measured by MIC and filter paper diffusion, while the effects of relaxing the contraction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by carbachol and histamine were evaluated respectively.

方法分别以最低抑菌浓度法和滤纸片扩散法比较评价神香草精油和水提物抗菌作用，以卡巴胆碱（carbachol，CCh）和组胺（histamine， His）致气管平滑肌收缩，观察神香草精油的解痉作用。

The model of Alzheimer 's disease was made in Wistar rats by injecting the ibotenic acid into the bilatertal substantia innominata of rat brain. The content of t3 and the activity of T45-monodeinase in the rat brain was measured.

利用中枢胆碱能系统损害所致的Alzheimer病大鼠模型，测定了大鼠脑组织内源T3含量及T45－脱单碘酶活性，发现它们在90天时开始下降，180天时明显下降。

In humans it is interconvertible with certain other compounds, such as methionine, so deficiency does not lead to disease, but some other animals need it in their diet.

胆碱常被归入B族维生素，因其作用及在食物中的分布与B族维生素相似。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。