胆汁的

Objective To discuss the clinic application of serum total bile acid level in intrahepatic chiletasis of pregnancy.

目的 探讨血清总胆汁酸水平对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的诊断价值。

The quality or condition of being bilious.

胆汁质胆汁分泌过多的特点或情况

Cholesterol gallstones formed in C57L mice and fatty livers developed in AKR mice. Conclusions Biliary cholesterol hypersecretion is the key pathophysiological defect of gallstone formation, lith genes have effects on biliary cholesterol hypersecretion and susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone formation in C57L mice. Lithogenic bile is formed at the canalicular membrane and precedes the development of cholesterol gallstones. It is most likely that cholesterol and bile acid hyposecretion make the AKR strain susceptible to the development of fatty livers and resistant to gallstone formation.

结论胆道胆固醇的高分泌是胆囊胆固醇结石形成的主要病理生理基础，结石基因决定了C57L鼠肝内胆汁中胆固醇的高分泌和胆囊胆固醇结石的易患性，成石胆汁形成在肝内胆管，先于胆囊结石的形成；肝内胆汁中胆固醇和胆酸的低分泌可能与AKR鼠脂肪肝的发生和胆囊结石的免患性有关。

Although the couplets number and morphology are similar in both genotypes, fluorescence assay showed significantly decreased bile secretion into canalicular space of hepatocyte couplets in AQP8 null mice compare with wild type mice.

为了避免胆管对胆汁形成修饰作用，我们使用胆盐刺激小鼠，加快胆汁分泌的速度，结果仍显示，AQP8基因敲除小鼠的胆汁分泌量明显少于野生型小鼠。

T tube drainage was able to decrease bile viscosity effectively.The number of bacteria decreased significantly until 21 postoperative days.The time that T tube is drawn out is on 14 postoperative days.Bacteria may exist in bile continuously and play a role on relapse of choledochitis and bile duct stone.

胆汁中的细菌和粘度升高在胆管结石形成中起协同作用。T管引流能有效地降低胆汁粘度，而胆汁中细菌量在引流术后第3周才有显著减少，临床2周时拨除T管细菌可潜伏下来，对胆管炎和胆管结石的复发可能起作用。

Objective: To study the effect of hepatic artery ligation on the liver by the model of choledochostomy with T tube drainage and HAL in dogs .Therefore,to provide experimental evidence for clinical surgery through observing the changes in the bile flow rate, liver function and hepatocyte ultrastructure after HAL.

目的：通过犬胆总管外引流测量胆汁分泌量模型的建立测量犬胆汁分泌量并动态观察肝动脉结扎(hepatic artery ligation，HAL)前后胆汁分泌量、肝功能和肝脏超微结构的变化，从而探讨肝动脉结扎对肝脏的影响。

The oversaturation of cholesterol in bile results in the formation of cholesterol stones. The liver is the organ which synthesizes cholesterol and secretes bile. Liver lipid metabolism research helps to explain the mechanism of cholelithiasis. Utilizing biochemical and biomolecular technology, we have done experimental work as follows: Analyse the ingredient changes of blood and bile samples from patients.

肝脏是合成胆固醇、分泌胆汁酸的器官，对肝脏胆固醇代谢的研究有助于阐明胆石症形成的原因，本文用生物化学和分子生物学的方法，分析了病人血液、胆汁中各种脂类成份的变化，以及肝脏胆固醇合成限速酶3-羟-3-甲戊二酸辅酶A还原酶（HMG-CoA Reductase）、胆汁酸合成限速酶7α-羟化酶（7α-hydrolase）的基因表达。

Although cholestasis of sepsis is often associated with gram-nagetive bacterial infection,it also occurs with a diverse array of other organisms,including Gram-positive bacteria,rickettsial,parasitic and fungal infections.in one study of bacteraemic patients with positive blood cultures only 34% had bilirubin levels greater than or equal to 2.0mg/dl.moreover,in clinical practice the frequency and extent of liver enzyme abnormalities in bacteraemic patients may be far greater than the occurrence of hyperbilirubinaemia.cholestasis appears to be a marker for the severity of sepsis,and prolonged and unresolved cholestasis carries a high mortality.

虽然败血症（sepsis引发的胆汁郁积往往与革兰氏阴性菌（gram-negative bacterial，原文negative瓶错了）感染，它也可能伴随各种各样其他的有机体，包括革兰氏阳性菌（Gram-positive bacteria），立克次体属微生物，寄生虫和真菌感染。一个对菌血症（bacteremic，原文中拼错了）的阳性患者的血液培养分析研究发现其中只有34％的胆红素水平大于或等于2.0mg/dl。而且，在临床实践中的血症患者肝酶异常的发生频率和严重程度可能远远大于高胆红素血症（hyperbilirubinemia，原文中拼错了）。胆汁郁积似乎是一个患有严重性败血症的标志，而且长期的和没有根治的胆汁郁积有很高的死亡率。

Based on the references and our studies, we reviewed the bile injury on esophageal mucosal epithelial cells, the diagnosis and treatment of bile reflux into esophagus. The relationships of the biles with Barrett s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma were elucidated especially.

本文复习文献并结合我们的研究成果，就胆汁对食管黏膜的损伤，包括损伤的可能机制、食管内胆汁反流的诊断、治疗等方面作以介绍，重点对胆汁在Barrett食管和食管腺癌发生中的作用及其防治作了阐述

Based on the references and our studies, we reviewed the bile injury on esophageal mucosal epithelial cells, the diagnosis and treatment of bile reflux into esophagus. The relationships of the biles with Barretts esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma were elucidated especially.

本文复习文献并结合我们的研究成果，就胆汁对食管黏膜的损伤，包括损伤的可能机制、食管内胆汁反流的诊断、治疗等方面作以介绍，重点对胆汁在Barrett食管和食管腺癌发生中的作用及其防治作了阐述

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。