胁迫的

Physiological and biochemical changes of monocotyledonous plant maize (Zea mays L.) were studied and the protective effects of nitric oxide against iron deficiency induced injury were analyzed simutaniously. The plants were grown in monofactor controlled solutions using solution cultural method and the full expanded fourth leaves were used in all of the experiments. The biochemical and the molecular mechanisms of iron induced injury and the protective mechanisms of NO against iron deficiency induced injury were studied.

本实验以溶液培养单因子控制方法研究了单子叶植物玉米在缺铁培养条件下结构、生理、生化的变化以及NO对缺铁植物的保护作用，发现了缺铁胁迫对植物损伤的生理生化及分子机理，以及NO在植物缺铁胁迫下对植物的保护机制，对于植物的缺铁研究和NO在植物中的保护机制研究都有极其的理论和实践价值。

The results of physiological indexes analysis under different salt stress condition showed that cell membrane permeability of all species increased along with the increasing of NaCl concentration, and concentrations of Na+, Cl-, proline, soluble sugar, saccharose and malondialdehyde showed the same tendency.

不同盐浓度胁迫下各项生理生化指标的测定结果表明：随着盐胁迫强度的增加，四种植物的膜透性增大，Na+、Cl-、脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、蔗糖和丙二醛含量都呈增大的趋势，高碱蓬和镰叶碱蓬的Pro含量增加迅速，明显比盐角草和盐爪爪高，盐角草Na+、Cl-含量明显高于其它三种植物，K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、叶绿素含量，过氧化物酶、超氧化物岐化酶和过氧化氢酶活性和K+/ Na+都呈下降的趋势。

Under different stresses, we tested the expression of citrate synthase gene in rapeseed leaf by using semi-quantitative PCR. The expression of citrate synthase gene had no obvious change in stresses of salt, dark, high illumination, while was increased at different time in treatments of water logging, drought, IAA, and 6-BA. Interestingly the effect of ABA was contrary to that of IAA. In the treatment of sclerotium blight, the expression of citrate synthase gene was depressed. There was a saddle curve of citrate synthase gene expression in the treatment of gibberellin.

对油菜幼苗进行植物生长调节物质、高温和低温、强光照和弱光照、盐、菌核病、干旱和水渍等处理，采用半定量PCR法对油菜叶片柠檬酸合酶基因的表达模式进行检测，发现在盐胁迫、暗光和强光的处理下，柠檬酸合酶基因的表达基本没有变化；在水渍、干旱、IAA和6-BA胁迫下，其表达有所升高，但出现峰值的时间不同，ABA对表达模式的影响与IAA相反，感染菌核病后其表达降低；对GA3的应答呈鞍型。

Through above Molecular Cloning and Characterization of four Novel cold-responsive genes and correlative regulators from Capsella bursa-pastoris, we validated that there are cold-responsive genes Cbcor15b、Cbcbf、Cbice53、 CbLos2 in Capsella bursa-pastoris.

通过以上荠菜中4条新的与冷胁迫相关的基因及其转录因子的克隆和特征功能分析，证明荠菜中存在Cbcor15b、Cbcbf、Cbice53、CbLos2等与冷胁迫相关的基因，且它们的表达都是受冷条件诱导的。

Increased at different extent and the content of GA3 and ZR were all down under drought stress, while the content of IAA had a different trend according to different material. The general trend of coordination among 4 endogenesis hormones was closeing the stoma and promoting the growth of root,whereas the coordination mechanism of different Dactylis glomerata L.

盆栽控水条件下4份鸭茅内源激素变化的研究结果显示，随着干旱胁迫程度的加强，四份鸭茅ABA含量整体呈上升趋势，GA3和ZR的含量则呈下降趋势，IAA的含量因材料不同表现出不同的变化趋势，干旱胁迫下四种内源激素的协调总趋势是向着气孔关闭，促进根系发展的方向进行。

The results showed that an incubation time of 8 hours is most suitable for the analysis of iNOS enzyme activity. The four methods could identify iNOS in shrimp haemocytes and analyze the activity effectively, thus provide a good way for the further study of role of iNOS in innate immunology of shrimps.

本文针对这一问题，系统研究了对虾在白斑综合症病毒感染和环境因子胁迫下先天性免疫因子的动态变化过程，筛选出了能够准确反映对虾健康状况的免疫因子，进而将其运用到对虾抵抗WSSV的机制和环境胁迫对对虾健康状况的影响的研究中。

In addition,the cluster results of the landraces were closely associated with geographical location and cold tolerance under natural low temperature and cold water irrigation.

此外，在自然低温和冷水胁迫下，各省粳稻地方品种的聚类结果总体上与各省品种的地理位置及其耐冷性有密切的联系，而在冷水胁迫下品种的聚类结果与品种地理位置的关系比自然低温下更为密切。

The result showed there existed significant differences among families in seedling growth, dry matter accumulation, leaf shape as well as root parameters at high and low nitrogen levels. Remarkable reduction in seedling height, dry matter accumulation, leaf and root parameters were observed under low nitrogen stress, whereas larger proportion of photosynthesis production was allocated into roots to promote nitrogen absorption. Family variation in seeding growth, leaf and root parameters were increased under low nitrogen stress in comparison with high nitrogen level, which would be benefit to discriminate superior L. chinense families with high nitrogen efficiency. Nitrogen efficiency of different L.

结果表明：不同氮素水平下，马褂木苗的生长、干物质积累、叶片和根系等性状皆存在显著的家系遗传差异；低氮胁迫将显著抑制马褂木苗叶片发育和根系生长，影响苗高生长和干物质积累，但低氮素水平下生产的光合产物则较多地分配至地下根系部分以促进对氮素的吸收利用；与高氮处理比较，低氮胁迫加大了苗木生长、叶片和根系参数等家系遗传分化，有利于鉴别高氮效率的马褂木优良家系。

The recovery of the leaf area of winter wheat after the relief of stress is closely linkedwith its tillering properties,Which results from the increasing number of new tillers and theirleaf area.

5水分胁迫后复水冬小麦叶面积的恢复与它的分蘖特性密切相关。胁迫解除后叶面积的恢复，是通过增加新的分蘖及其叶面积的途径实现的。

Measurement of some physiological factors related to salt-tolerance in wheat cultivars SW12 Using HPLC-ESI-MS technique, Glycinebetaine, proline and malondialdehyde in leaves, which collected from wheat cultivars SW12, Ningchun 4 and Chinese Spring exposed to salt treatments with concentration ranges of NaCl s of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mmol/L and sampling for 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days, respectively, were measured.

小麦SW12耐盐种质生理指标测定 HPLC-ESI-MS分析表明，SW12和两个对照品种宁春4号和中国春在6个不同盐浓度（0、100、200、300、400和500mmol/L NaCl）和6个不同的盐胁迫时段中（1、3、5、10、20和30d），随着盐胁迫强度的增加，它们叶片组织中甜菜碱、脯氨酸和丙二醛的含量均有不同程度的增加，3个品种在5种不同盐浓度下，甜菜碱和丙二醛的含量存在很大差异。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。