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The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

It has been found that there are some texture flaws such as large grain、badly distorted twin and streaky structure. But recrystallization grains ofaround 19μm in diameter on average are obtainable through heat treatment at300℃for 30min by air-cooling, meanwhile the twin and streaky structurethat would weaken the plasticity of alloy are eliminated; significant elementsare holding temperature、holding time、cool-down methods. Mechanicalproperties of tube are obtained, simple tension elongation ratio of arc testsample increases from 10.8% to 20.1%, elongation ratio with elastic internaldie of tube increases from 8.0% to 14.9%.

研究结果表明：挤压成型的AZ31镁合金管材组织中存在变形程度很大的孪晶、大尺寸晶粒、丧失了进一步变形能力的条带状组织等易导致后续塑性加工时变形不均，引起断裂的组织缺陷；采用最佳等温热处理工艺以20℃／min加热至300℃保温30min后空冷处理可以使试样平均晶粒直径从挤压态的50μm细化为19μm，同时基本消除上述组织缺陷；明显影响热处理效果的因素为保温温度、保温时间、冷却方式；室温下，采用最佳工艺热处理前后管材弧形试样的单向拉伸伸长率由10.8％提高至20.1％，管件的自由胀形极限伸长率由8.0％提高至14.9％。

Sympegma regelii community, a rangeland desert vegetation, has the highest Shannon-Winner species diversity indices (1.706); the communities of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ephedra przewalskii, which have obvious feature of desert vegetation, are in the middle in species diversity indices (0.875-0.890); the communities of Calligonum mongolicum, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflata, characterized by desert forest of which saline desert bushes and saline meadows are scattered in the communities, have lowest value of the species diversity indices (0.079-0.495). 3 The structure of desert plant community is dominated by the bush layer. The species diversity indices of bush layer (0.769-1.451) is much higher than that of herb layer (0.193-0.254), and the diversity in herb layer is strongly influenced by bush layer. 4 The species diversity of desert plant communities shows a gradient of change with respect to longitude, latitude and elevation. For example, rangeland plant Sympegma regelii, with a high level of diversity indices (1.706), is in transition to desert plants Haloxylon ammodendronn community (with a low level of diversity indices of 1.379) in a longitude gradient and to saline Tamarix ramosessima community (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.376) in a latitude gradient. Calligonum mongolicum community, with a low level of species diversity (0.819), is in transition to Ephedra przewalskii (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.890) and Haloxylon ammondendron community (with the diversity indices of 0.645) in an elevational gradient.

群落Shannon-Wiener物种多样性水平表现为合头草群落最高(1.706)，具有草原化荒漠植被类型的成分；梭梭群落、膜果麻黄群落居中(0.875~0.890)，荒漠植被类型特征明显；沙拐枣群落、胡杨群落、多枝柽柳群落、胀果甘草群落较低(0.079~0.495)，荒漠林、盐地沙生灌丛及盐化草甸植被均有零星分布。3荒漠植物群落结构层次中，灌木层占居主导地位，群落灌木层物种多样性水平(0.769~1.451)远远大于草本层(0.193~0.254)，且草本层物种多样性受灌木层影响较大。4荒漠植物群落物种多样性分布格局表现为经向、纬向和海拔梯度的变化，经向、纬向变化为物种多样性水平较高的草原化植物合头草群落(1.076)向物种多样性水平较低的荒漠植物梭梭群落(1.379)和盐化植物多枝柽柳群落(0.376)的过渡，海拔梯度则呈现低水平的沙拐枣群落(0.819)到高水平的膜果麻黄群落(0.890)向低水平的梭梭群落(0.645)变化。

The results showed that the seed germination rate decreased gradually as the NaCl concentration increased .The seed germination rate and imbibition rate was lowest when the seeds were treated with 200 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl; the recovery rate of ungerminated seeds in 150 and 200 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl had no significant difference with the control and it was more higher than the seeds in100 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl.

的种子，逐日测定萌发率、吸胀率；5 d、10 d后测定种皮和种胚的Na~+、K~+含量；培养15 d后，将含有NaCl的营养液中未萌发的种子分别转入1/4 Hoagland营养液继续培养，测定解除盐胁迫后种子萌发的恢复率；以探索不同浓度的NaCl处理对海滨木槿种子萌发及其种皮和胚的Na~+、K~+含量的影响。

In the mean-while all the shore rang with the trump of bullfrogs, the sturdy spirits of ancient wine-bibbers and wassailers, still unrepentant, trying to sing a catch in their Stygian lake —— if the Walden nymphs will pardon the comparison, for though there are almost no weeds, there are frogs there —— who would fain keep up the hilarious rules of their old festal tables, though their voices have waxed hoarse and solemnly grave, mocking at mirth, and the wine has lost its flavor,and become only liquor to distend their paunches, and sweet intoxication never comes to drown the memory of the past, but mere saturation and waterloggedness and distention.

同时，湖滨震荡着青蛙叫声，古代的醉鬼和宴饮者的顽固的精灵，依然不知悔过，要在他们那像冥河似的湖上唱轮唱歌，请瓦尔登湖的水妖原谅我作这样的譬喻，因为湖上虽没有芦苇，青蛙却是很多的，——它们还乐于遵循它们那古老宴席上那种嚣闹的规律，虽然它们的喉咙已经沙哑了，而且庄重起来了，它们在嘲笑欢乐，酒也失去了香味，只变成了用来灌饱它们肚子的料酒，而醺醺然的醉意再也不来淹没它们过去的回忆，它们只觉得喝饱了，肚子里水很沉重，只觉得发胀。

Consolidation test is a important link of obtaining mechanical properties index of soil and coefficient of compressibility gained through the test is a key data to evaluating the compressibility of soil. Consisting of solid phase and liquid phase of the salty soil is different from the non-salty one. Eutectic salt in soil may exist as liquid phase, solid phase or both of them and these phases can interconvert because it is affected by temperature, Na_2SO_4 content, water content. Especially when temperature drops, Na_2SO_4 will crystallize and expand, namely salt expansion of soil. These particularities make soil sample put in environmental cabinet when consolidation test is going on. So soil sample can be compressed by temperature controlling system under a set temperature.From experiment, the formulae counting coefficient of compressibility of salty soil have been given.

土的固结试验，是取得土的力学性质指标的一个重要环节，因为土的固结试验所取得的压缩系数，对评价土的压缩性是一个关键数据，但由于盐渍土的固相、液相组成和非盐渍土不同，土中易溶盐受温度、含盐量、含水量的影响可以以液相、固相、液相和固相混合形式存在，且它们之间的存在形式可以相互转换，尤其是当温度下降时，硫酸钠便结晶产生体积膨胀，即盐胀，这些特殊性就使得在进行硫酸盐渍土的固结实验时，须将土样放置在环境箱中，通过温度控制系统使土样在设定的温度下受压产生变形。

Basing on this mode and his two invention patents, chooseing ANSYS as platform and linking the important project of JiLin province Science and technology ministry 'cylindrical and cone spurgears rolling preform and extrusion precise forming equipment research and manufacture for automobile'(NO.20030311), the author made the finite element numerical simulation about elasto-plastic large deformation heat-force couping of rolling preform and stamping-extrusion and bulge-extrusion combining precise forming for spur gear', investigated qualitativiely and quantitatively on the gears formability for the environmental and the blank parameters , summarized some useful conclusions.

本论文是我的导师宋玉泉教授关于&塑性精密成形&研究方向的一个组成部分，按照他所提倡的&科、教、产一体化&培养模式，并以他的两项发明专利为依托，立足于以ANSYS软件为模拟平台，密切结合吉林省科技厅重点项目&汽车用圆柱圆锥直齿轮滚轧和挤压精成形设备研制&(批准号：20030311)和吉林大学超塑性和塑性研究所&直齿轮中试生产线建设&，开展了对&圆柱直齿轮滚轧制坯－镦挤、胀挤复合精成形&的有限元弹塑性大变形热－力耦合数值模拟，对环境参数和轧件内部的参数对制件成形性的影响进行了定性和定量的研究，总结了一些有意义的结论。

The results showed that the m-PUE had better heat-resistant properties, lower glass transition temperature, higher thermal decomposition temperature and better damping property. The internal friction peak was changed from 10 ℃ to -10 ℃, while the tan δ was changed from 0.28 to 0.46. The hardness, tensile strength and tear strength of m-PUE decreased with the increase of the THEIC content. However, the swelling ratio of PUE was increased meaning a deteriorated solvent resistance property.

结果表明，引入IS环后，PUE的耐热性能有提高；IS改性的PUE的内耗峰比未改性的窄，峰位由10℃移到-10℃，且内耗峰值增大（tanδ由0.28增大到0.46），玻璃化温度降低，而阻尼性能得到提高；引入IS环的PUE的硬度和其它力学性能比未改性的PUE有所降低；随着固化剂中THEIC用量的增加，PUE的溶胀率增大，即IS改性PUE的耐溶剂性变差。

Through the analysis of De, an alternative mechanism interpreting of the"overshoot"phenomena can be obtained: when the diffusing time of small molecular penetrants is shorter than relaxation time of the involved polymer, small molecular substance penetrates into the polymer quickly and its concentration reached a maximum, then the swelling of the polymer by the small molecules makes the chain structure of the polymer relaxed, thus the free volume in polymer matrix, which is occupied by small molecule, decreased, and will squeeze part of the small molecular substance out of the polymer, and therefore overshoot behavior can be observed.

通过对De的分析，可以得出产生&超调&现象的机理的另一种解释：小分子渗透物质的扩散时间相对于聚合物的松弛时间要短（相当于有个更快的扩散速度），所以小分子迅速扩散进聚合物中达到一个极值，由于小分子物质对聚合物的溶胀，使得聚合物链结构产生松弛，由于聚合物链结构的变化，小分子物质占有的自由体积会减小，这样会挤出小分子物质，使得小分子物质在聚合物中的浓度减小，如果高聚物粘弹性明显，甚至可能出现多个浓度的衰减振荡并达到平衡值。

The wire winding wheel has one left disc with two sections of circular wall to form the power cable inlet and embedding opening and positioning hole in the peripheral of the shaft pipe; one right disc with central shaft pipe, positioning expansion pipe capable of being inserted into the positioning hole and circular wall in the same radius as that in the left disc; and one power cable winding shaft inserted into the circular walls to form one integral and with power cable inlet.

本发明在左内凹盘的反面圆台上相对位置突出2段弧形围壁，成为电源线导入口和对侧的嵌入豁口，轴管外围分设定位孔；右内凹盘反面圆台中央也突出轴管，其外围对应定位孔的位置上设置可插入孔内的定位胀管，环设的环围壁与左内凹盘的反面圆台上弧形围壁对应等径；嵌入围壁插入嵌入豁口而成为一体的设有电源线导入口的绕线轴。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。