胀

In chilly area, many civil engineering projects have to face the problem of ground frost heave, which can cause unevenness of highway, railway, airport runway and etc. as well as displacement of underground piping, even damage of building foundation construction.

在严寒地区，多种土木工程的应用都需要面对地面冻胀这一难题，此问题的发生会导致公路、铁路、机场跑道等高低不平，底下管道移位，甚至会令房屋的基础结构受损。

According to several diseases caused by seasonally frozen soil subgrade,this paper discussed the seasonal permafrost roadbed on the causes,and introduced several methods to resolve the frost heave disease briefly.

根据季节性冻土地段路基出现的几种病害，论述了季节性冻土路基产生的原因，简要地介绍了几种解决冻胀病害的方法。

Strength of the water-rich rocks increases with the decrease of temperature which is mainly due to the peak intensity of rocks greatly improved by mineral contraction and ice strength and frost heave force with temperature decreasing.

强度随温度降低而增大的主要原因是温度降低时，岩石冻结时的矿物收缩和冰本身的强度及冻胀力使得富水冻结岩石的峰值强度得到提高。

Permafrost regions ; oil pipelines ; permafrost ; frost heave and thaw settlement ; engineering design and construction

寒区输油管道；多年冻土；融沉和冻胀；工程设计和施工

Frozen soil ; temperature field ; frost heave model

路基工程；冻土；温度场；冻胀模型

This paper studied an electronic-hydraulic servo force loading system, which is applied on frozen soil frost heave experiment. This system simulates the pressure acted on the subgrade by train in low temperature situation.

本文以应用于冻土冻胀试验的电液伺服力加载系统为研究对象，该系统在一定低温条件下，模拟火车运行时给路基带来的压力。

In order to prevent frost heave of hydraulic structures, the measures such as drainage, protecting and cutting-off migration of capillary water should be also comprehensively paied attention to.

由此阐明了工程界直接利用一定的约束压力即可有效地消减冻胀的理论依据。并指出水工建筑物的冻害防治还应采取排水、隔断毛细水、保护等综合性措施。

Based on analysing the differences between artificially frozen soils and naturally frozen soils and comparing the present testing devices for the study of frost heave and thawing settlement at home and abroad, a new device for studying the frost heave and thawing settlement of artificially frozen soil was developed.

并利用该试验装置对徐州地区常见的粘土进行了冻结试验，检验了该试验装置的可靠性和实用性；得出了人工冻结土体在冻融过程中土体在垂直方向上的冻胀远小于它在该方向上的融沉等几点结

"Frost resistance design code for hydraulic structure"and" frost heave resistance design code for canal system engineering"are compared and analysed.

对《水工建筑物抗冰冻设计规范》和《渠系工程抗冻胀设计规范》不同特点做了对比分析，指出按各自的标准进行计算会给工程设计带来不同安全度，建议宜协调一致，以利工程设计遵循。

It is indicated that the rainfall seepage is controlled to the embankment in superficial layer, the influence of precipitation and evaporation are weaken, the deformation values of the frost heave are decreased in the horizontal plastic drain embankment.

水平排水板在冻土路基工程中，可以有效控制雨水量在路堤下的下渗，减小雨水下渗量所带来的多年冻土路基的冻胀变形。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。