胀

SEM result showed that the sample had uniform phase distribution and smooth surface at dried state as well as interpenetrate network structure at hydrogel state. It was seen from the swell ing behavior curves that groups T1, T2 and T3 swelled rapidly within 10-30 minutes, and formed elastic composite hydrogel pipes. In addition, the expanding ratio of inner and outer diameter of the tube was 20%-30% and 100%-120% with swell ing, respectively. The equil ibrium water content of the hydrogel pipes increased with increase of collagen composition. Three groups of samples were immerged in PBS solution contained 2 mg/mL lysozyme at 37 for 1 month, their nozzle cracked, their wall became thin and more transparent. And also, there was small floc deposited on the tube surface.

扫描电镜观察到液氮脆断的人工泪小管内部成分分布均匀，内外壁表面平整，冷冻干燥的人工泪小管断口呈凝胶态的互穿网络结构。3 组不同成分的人工泪小管在PBS 溶液中浸泡30 min 后均快速吸水溶胀，外径扩大100%～ 120%，内径扩大20%～ 30%，并且随胶原含量增高，溶胀速度增快，平衡溶胀率增大。3 组人工泪小管在37℃含2 mg/mL 溶菌酶的PBS 液中浸泡1 个月后，表面有部分细小絮状物，管口开裂，管壁变薄，透明度增加。

The conditions of synthesis, such as mass ratio of monomer, and different dry method, were investigated.

考察了原料配比和干燥方法对凝胶溶胀性能的影响，研究了其pH敏感性及pH溶胀－退胀特性。

The effect of expanding degree on the connection strength of hydraulically expanded and mechanically expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints of heat exchangers was investigated by experiments based on the specimens with seven triangularly arranged holes perforated in tubesheets.

采用按三角形排列的7管孔试件，进行了胀紧程度对换热器液压胀接和机械胀接接头连接强度影响的试验研究。

By the numerical analysis of the ultimate bearing capacity of two- and three-dimensional footing under combined loading mode, the results show that the effect of alteration of underground water lever on bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundation is more than on that of two-dimensional foundation, the effect of soil gravity on bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundation is more than that of two-dimensional foundation. At the same time, the numerical calculation process of ABAQUS indicates that whether the geostatic stress is balanced or not has great effect on the numerical convergence. In view of the effect extent of dilation angle of soil on the ultimate bearing capacity and the failure pattern of foundation, the condition of two-dimensional plane strain is higher than that of the three-dimensional foundation.

复合加载模式下，通过对三维矩形基础和二维条形基础进行数值分析，结果表明：黏性土地基中地下水位的变化，对三维矩形基础极限承载力的影响程度高于对二维条形基础的影响；在求解地基极限承载力的过程中，土体重度对三维矩形基础的影响明显高于对二维条形基础的影响，同时ABAQUS数值计算过程表明，地基土体地应力能否合理平衡，对数值求解过程中是否收敛有很大的影响；就土体剪胀角对地基极限承载力的影响程度而言，二维平面应变情况下土体剪胀角对极限承载力的影响比三维情况下的影响更明显，即土体剪胀角对条形基础极限承载力的影响高于三维矩形基础。

Non-uniform deformation of ground surface was often aroused by frost heave, so, controlling the formation and development of frost heave was always of great importance. The mechanism of using intermissive freezing method to control frost heave was dealt in this paper.

土体冻胀容易引起地表不均匀变形，因此控制冻胀的产生和发展是人工冻结技术应用中的重要课题，针对间歇冻结模式控制人工冻土冻胀的机理问题。

The study of cellular oncosis is still at the primary phase, and people lack efficient method to identify the oncosis and unreveal the pathology significance of oncosis in cardiovascular diseases.

尽管目前尚缺乏鉴别细胞胀亡的有效方法，限制了细胞胀亡在心血管疾病中病理意义的揭示，但通过信号通路研究，有望找到细胞胀亡的标志性蛋白；有利于心血管疾病防治建立崭新的靶点。

DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 122 literatures about the cellular oncosis were collected, and 26 of them were reviews, There were 26 literatures concerned to the cardiovarcular disease; other literatures studied the detection and identification of cellular oncosis in non-cardiovascular system.

资料提炼：共收集到122篇关于细胞胀亡的研究文章，其中26篇为综述类文章，与心血管疾病关系密切的文献也有26篇，其他文献主要体现了细胞胀亡在心血管外的系统的发现和鉴别，并且文献中区分细胞胀亡和细胞凋亡的方法多重复。

Results of the computation under the same welding temperature field show that the longitudinal residual stresses in the weld are as high as the yield strength of the plate in the strength and TEC evenmatched joints, lower than the yield strength of the plate in the strength evenmatched and TEC undermatched joints. It also has something to do with the strain hardening exponent of the weld metal in the strength evenmatched and TEC overmatched joints.

计算结果表明：等强等胀匹配的焊缝区纵向残余拉应力水平高达母材的屈服强度，等强低胀匹配的焊缝区纵向残余应力水平低于母材屈服强度，等强高胀匹配的焊缝区纵向残余应力水平还与焊缝应变硬化指数有关。

The two definitions of dilatancy in slip line theory are clarified, and the generalized Mises yield criterion matching Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion in plane strain condition is put forward where the effect of dilatancy can be considered.

阐明了滑移线场理论中有关剪胀的描述，推导了平面应变条件下考虑剪胀角影响并与Mohr-Coulomb准则精确匹配的广义Mises准则，研究了剪胀对浅基破坏模式的影响。

On the contrary, sulfonated poly(arylene thioether phosphine oxide)s, with a IEC of 1.60 meq/g, even denote a swelling of 70.1% at 80oC and thus lose most of the mechanical strength.

而前述IEC为1.60 meq/g的磺化聚芳硫醚三苯基氧膦在80oC下的溶胀率为70.1%，已经出现溶胀突变，显著丧失力学强度，其耐溶胀性能比磺化聚二氮杂萘酮醚三苯基氧膦差得多。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。