肿瘤的

There are two disputing theories about the origin of cancer, that is, cancer arises from dedifferentiation of somatic cells or maturation of stem cells. Recent discoveries demonstrate that cancer cell proliferation is driven by cancer stem cells.

肿瘤的起源，即肿瘤的去分化起源和肿瘤的干细胞起源一直是有争议的，而随着干细胞研究的深入，越来越多的实验结果证实肿瘤起源于干细胞的观点。

Both benign and malignant endocrine neoplasms demonstrate some degree of cellular pleomorphism, so it is not easy to tell benign from malignant on histologic grounds alone.

无论是良性内分泌肿瘤还是恶性内分泌肿瘤都显示一定程度的细胞异型性，因此仅从组织学上很难区分肿瘤的良恶性。

Based on our experiences, we conclude that: 1 rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children; 2 most pediatric tumors are associated with tuberous sclerosis; 3 clinical presentation is determined by the tumor size and number of tumors, and whether expansion of the malignancy has resulted in cardiac blood-flow obstruction; 4 there is a strong possibility of regression of the primary cardiac tumor, with surgery recommended only when cardiac symptoms are severe; and, 5 unless there is a significant obstruction of blood flow, chemotherapy is still the treatment of choice for secondary cardiac tumors.

根据我们的经验，我们认为(1)横纹肌瘤是儿童最常见的心臓肿瘤，(2)临床表现的严重度取决於肿瘤的大小，数目以及是否占满了心臓腔室而有血流阻塞的现象，(4)在原发性肿瘤中是有机会自发性的变小，而且除非有严重的心臓症状，否则并不建议开刀，(5)在次发性肿瘤中化学治疗仍然是治疗上的首选，除非有血流阻塞的现象。

Methods: Mice were inoculated with tumor cells. Inhibitory effect of transfection with pCH510 on murine tumor origined from different inoculative dose and inhibiting effect of immediate transfection pCH510 after chemotherapy on tumor were observed, respectively. By cell culture technique, the influence of chemotherapeutic drug to activation of marcrophages and lymphocytes after i.p. injection of drug was observed. By cell counting method, the kinetics of the change of number of peripheral blood immunocytes induced by administration of chemotherapeutic drug was observed. The inhibitory effect of transfection with pCH510 five days after chemotherapy on murine tumor was observed.

采用瘤细胞接种建立小鼠肿瘤模型：通过基因转染，观察pCH510对不同接种量所形成的小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用以及小鼠肿瘤化疗后立即进行pCH510转染的抑瘤效果；采用细胞培养技术，观察小鼠体内注射化疗药物后，其对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和脾淋巴细胞激活功能的影响；采用细胞计数的方法，观察化疗药物所致小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和外周血免疫细胞数量变化的动力学；另外小鼠肿瘤化疗后第5天进行pCH510转染，观察抑瘤效果。

Routine MR imaging can diagnose the majority of intradural extramedullary tumors.Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging are helpful in the histologic diagnosis and assessment of tumors vascularity.

常规MRI能鉴别大多数髓外硬膜下肿瘤的性质，动态增强MRI有助于肿瘤定性诊断和肿瘤富血管度的评价。

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI manifestations of oral carcinoma,and to evaluate the value of imaging technologies in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma,thus to explore the most reasonable imaging method Methods 46 cases with oral carcinoma,proved by surgery and pathology （2 lip tumors,8 carcinomas of the gingival ridge,5 carcinomas of the buccal mucosa,24 tongue carcinomas,5 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth,2 tumors of the hard palate）,were analysed retrospectively32 cases were examined with CT and 14 cases with MRIImaging presentations were compared with surgery and pathology Results Of the 46 cases with oral carcinoma,22 were ulcerative lesion of infiltrative growth,24 were masslike lesion of extruded trowthOf the 32 cases examined with CT scan,27 were detected,5 were missed,the 4 missed cases were confirmed to be superficial ulcers by surgery and pathologyOf the 10 cases with bone destruction examined with CT scan,8 were manifested,2 were missedAnd of the 14 cases with MRI scan,all 14 were detected Conclusion CT and MRI scan are valuable for diagnosis of oral carcinomasThey can manifest the morphology and size of primary tumor,contiguous structures,bone invasion and cervical lymph node metastasisMRI is the optimal imaging method for superficial ulcerative lesion of infiltratibe growth

中华硕博网核心提示：徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武关键词：口腔肿瘤目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌46例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌8例，颊黏膜癌5例，舌癌24例，口底癌5例，硬腭癌2例），其中32例行CT扫描，14例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果46例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变22例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描14例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与四周结构的关系。结论 CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、四周结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是CT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。

The expression of HIF-1α protein was positively correlated to MVD, lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion, but not with clinical TNM stage.

结论HIF-1α对肿瘤的新血管生成有促进作用，并可促进肿瘤浸润和转移，从而促进肿瘤的恶性进展。

In order to settle such predicament, the author put forward a new idea that research of TCM may be carried out as Systems biology. To take tumor as an example, tumors occur, then develop into a big one, during which experiences a multifactorial 、multifactorial processes, so Tumor Systems biology typifies holistic、kinetic、stratose and integrate characters.

文章以肿瘤系统生物学的研究思路与中医肿瘤学理论的结合点为线索，从肿瘤的发生、中医的调整阴阳的治则、现代医学的靶向治疗及肿瘤诊治的医学信息等方面为切入点对肿瘤系统生物学建立及其与中医理论结合的可行性与必要性作一初步探讨。

Tumor immunologists are moving away from traditional transplantation tumor systems because they do not adequately model human malignancies.

目前肿瘤免疫学研究的趋势正逐渐远离传统的制备肿瘤模型的凡是，因为传统的肿瘤种植模型并不能充分地模拟人类肿瘤的发生。

Nowadays, n stem-like cells have been found, which exist in the tumors of some tissues, such as haematogenesis system, brain, lung, mammary gland and so on. We defined them as tumor stem cells for their similar characteristics to the normal stem cells, but they are a minor population of tumor cells and the origin of them may be tumor cells.

随着对干细胞的研究不断深入，使人们对肿瘤的发生机制重新进行了审视，并在造血系统、脑、肺、乳腺等部位肿瘤中发现极少量的具有与干细胞非常类似生物学特性的细胞，称之为肿瘤干细胞，它们很可能是肿瘤细胞的起源。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。