肿瘤的

How to induce apoptosis in these never-die cell in order to cure cancer is the consistency principle of the cancer researchers.

肿瘤耐药的研究一直是肿瘤研究的热点问题，如何让这些不可死亡的肿瘤细胞发生凋亡而最终达到治愈肿瘤的目的是研究肿瘤耐药的学者们一贯的思路。

Another important yet little-appreciated cause of anticancer drug resistance is the limited ability of drugs to penetrate tumor tissue and to reach all of the tumor cells in a potentially lethal concentration. To reach all viable cells in the tumor, anticancer drugs must be delivered efficiently through the tumor vasculature, cross the vessel wall, and traverse the tumor tissue.

另一个重要的但并未受到重视的产生肿瘤耐药的原因是肿瘤药物本身具有有限的穿越肿瘤组织在肿瘤细胞中达到潜在的致死浓度，为了达到肿瘤组织中的活细胞，抗肿瘤药物必须能够有效的穿越肿瘤的脉管系统、穿越血管壁进入肿瘤组织。

Nephrometry Score consists ofadius,xophytic/endophytic properties of the tumor,earness of tumor deepest portion to the collecting system or sinus,nterior/posterior descriptor and theocation relative to the polar line.

结果：肾脏散色比浊法评分由下列部分组成：半径（以肿瘤最大直径作为衡量肿瘤大小的依据），肿瘤的外生/内生特性，与肿瘤最深处接近肾集合系统或肾窦的距离，对肿瘤前方/后方部位的描述以及与极线相关的定位。

A map was achieved in detail for the optimal placement of ablation electrode. According to assumption of complete destruction of tumor and its 0.5 cm margin by 5.0 cm ablation device with this method, calculating results were obtained as follows: a tumor of 4.1 ～ 4.3 cm in diameter required 4 ablation at least by the regular tetrahedron way, a tumor of 4.4 ～ 5.6 cm in diameter required 5～8 ablation at least by the regular prism way, a tumor of 5.7 ～ 6.0 cm required 12 ablation at least by the three layers overlapping way.

根据RFA治疗原则消融范围须超越肿瘤周边 0 。5cm以上；按照覆盖类球体肿瘤的计算结果，采用伞径 5 。0cm的射频针，治疗 4.1～ 4.3cm的肿瘤须用正四面体法至少布针 4个点，治疗 4.4～5 。6cm的肿瘤用正棱柱法至少布针 5～ 8个点，治疗 5 。7～ 6 。0cm的肿瘤用三层重叠法至少布针 12个点，方能达到较彻底覆盖灭活肿瘤的效果。

The method consists of tree steps: enhancement, contour segmentation, and feature selection. In this study, our method is able to enhance the signals from masses and extract the useful contour feature from the segmented regions. The ruler method of fractal dimension computed for each case was used to form a contour feature. These feature measures can be input to a classifier based on sorting. The experimental results show that our scheme can provide useful contour extraction for spiculation structures in mammographic images.

我们的研究目的是在乳房的X光影像中选取肿瘤怀疑的区域，分成三步骤，影像前处理、轮廓分割、特徵选取，找出具有星状物轮廓的肿瘤，我们的方法首先强化肿瘤组织，接著有效分割出肿瘤的轮廓，最后利用规则式的碎形维度计算其轮廓特徵值，接著排序分出肿瘤轮廓类别，实验结果证明我们的方法可有效侦测出星状物肿瘤轮廓及其特徵。

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common gland tumor of parotid origin, accounting for 60 to 70%. This kind of tumor usually presents as a slow-growing painless mass anteroinferior to the ear. The diagnosis is based on physical examination, image studying and even fine needle aspiration biopsy. The optimal method of treatment of such tumors is local excision or paroidectomy in which the entire capsule is totally dissected off but the facial nerve is spared. Diagnosis and treatment planning are focused on preventing tumor recurrence and consequent malignant transformation.

腮腺之多形性腺瘤乃是唾液腺最常见的肿瘤，约占所有唾液腺良性肿瘤的百分之六十至七十，这类的肿瘤在临床上的表现常是耳下缓慢增生的无痛性肿块，临床上诊断的依据必须配合临床检查、电脑断层扫描、磁振造影及细针抽取切片的病理检查方可得知，其治疗方式主要是对肿瘤进行局部切除手术或腮腺的切除手术，手术中颜面神经需小心保留，但须将肿瘤的外膜部分切除乾净，诊断及治疗计画著重在预防肿瘤复发及肿瘤产生恶性转变。

The duodenoscopy and the biopsy are the principle methods for the diagnosis of the duodenal tumor; the therapy varies as the location of the tumor differs in such a way that the gastroduodenotectomy is advisable mainly for the tumor above the papilla, the duodenal segmental excision is for the tumor below the papilla, and either the pancreatoduodenectomy or the local excision of the duodenal tumor is to be the choice for the papilla periphery tumor according to the biological property of the tumor itself.

纤维十二指肠镜检查和活检是诊断十二指肠肿瘤的主要方法；肿瘤部位不同，治疗方法亦异，乳头上方肿瘤以胃十二指肠切除为主，乳头下方肿瘤以十二指肠节段性切除为主，乳头周围肿瘤根据肿瘤生物学特性选择胰十二指肠切除或经十二指肠肿瘤局部切除或ESE。

The duodenoscopy and the biopsy are the principle methods for the diagnosis of the duodenal tumor; the therapy varies as the location of the tumor differs in such a way that the gastroduodenotectomy is advisable mainly for the tumor above the papilla, the duodenal segmental excision is for the tumor below the papilla, and either the pancreatoduodenectomy or the local excision of the duodenal tumor is to be the choice for the papilla periphery tumor according to the biological property of the tumor itself.

纤维十二指肠镜检查和活检是诊断十二指肠肿瘤的主要方法；肿瘤部位不同，治疗方法亦异，乳头上方肿瘤以胃十二指肠切除为主，乳头下方肿瘤以十二指肠节段性切除为主，乳头四周肿瘤根据肿瘤生物学特性选择胰十二指肠切除或经十二指肠肿瘤局部切除或ESE。

Other patients has been observed for two years and none recure. Conclusions: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a standard treatment of curing adrenal tumer. We must select the manner of adrenalectomy, according to the structure of adrenal and the character of tumor.

后腹腔镜下肾上腺肿瘤切除术是治疗肾上腺肿瘤的标准手术，术中应根据肾上腺本身结构及肿瘤的性质决定行肾上腺全切除或仅行肾上腺肿瘤切除术。

Comparison of recurrent tumors at the time of the primary diagnosis and of recurrence showed that histologic subtype and grade were identical in 76% of the cases and converted to a higher grade tumor in 24% of the cases, especially, in patients treated with local excisions and circumcisions.

复发性患者的首发肿瘤与复发肿瘤相较，其中76%患者两次肿瘤的组织学亚型和级别相同，另外24%患者复发的肿瘤进展至更高级别，尤其是那些接受肿瘤局部切除加包皮环切的患者。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。