肿瘤

The cytotoxicity of these compounds were valuated by MTT and SRB methods using three cancer cell lines: HL-60, A-549, P-388. Cyclo-shikonin, and cyclo-alkannin have high cytotoxicity against HL-60.The chiral center of side chain has no effect on their activity. 2- 1-(Acetyloxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl -5, 8-dihydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (105) has strong inhibition effect on P-388 cells. 2- 1-(isooctyloxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl -5, 8-dihydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (108) and 2- 1-(2-furoyloxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl -5, 8-dihydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (112) have high inhibition on A-549.Shikonin (1), alkannin (2), and their derivatives have the structural features of a planar chromophores and short side chain. We examined the ability to inhibit the telomerase.

抗肿瘤活性初步筛选测试采用小鼠白血病P-388肿瘤细胞和人肺癌A-549肿瘤细胞进行，结果表明侧链羟基的手性对抗肿瘤活性无明显影响；有数个化合物具有很好的体外抑制活性，特别是化合物2-（1-异辛酰氧基-4-甲基-3-戊烯基）-5，8-二羟基-1，4-萘醌（108）和2-[1-（2-呋喃甲酰氧基）-4-甲基-3-戊烯基]-5，8-二羟基-1，4-萘醌（112）体外显示对人肺癌A-549肿瘤细胞有强效；2-（1-乙酰氧基-4-甲基-3-戊烯基）-5，8-二羟基-1，4-萘醌（105）对小鼠白血病P-388肿瘤细胞有强效；环紫草素和环异紫草素对人白血病HL-60细胞有强烈抑制作用。

The most important influencing factors of sphincter preserving operation in lower rectal cancer is the distance of tumor lower margin from anal edge or the pectinate line.

肿瘤下缘距齿状线或肛缘的距离是低位直肠癌手术保肛最主要的影响因素，肿瘤周径、肿瘤病理分期、肿瘤主体位置、肿瘤大体分型、肿瘤分化程度及患者的性别及BMI等均可对低位直肠癌手术保肛产生影响。

A map was achieved in detail for the optimal placement of ablation electrode. According to assumption of complete destruction of tumor and its 0.5 cm margin by 5.0 cm ablation device with this method, calculating results were obtained as follows: a tumor of 4.1 ～ 4.3 cm in diameter required 4 ablation at least by the regular tetrahedron way, a tumor of 4.4 ～ 5.6 cm in diameter required 5～8 ablation at least by the regular prism way, a tumor of 5.7 ～ 6.0 cm required 12 ablation at least by the three layers overlapping way.

根据RFA治疗原则消融范围须超越肿瘤周边 0 。5cm以上；按照覆盖类球体肿瘤的计算结果，采用伞径 5 。0cm的射频针，治疗 4.1～ 4.3cm的肿瘤须用正四面体法至少布针 4个点，治疗 4.4～5 。6cm的肿瘤用正棱柱法至少布针 5～ 8个点，治疗 5 。7～ 6 。0cm的肿瘤用三层重叠法至少布针 12个点，方能达到较彻底覆盖灭活肿瘤的效果。

Selenium on the role of tumor cells mainly as follows: Se is the destruction of tumor cells; Selenium is blocking tumor cell energy; selenium is the effect of anticancer drugs enhancer. 1999, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the experts in the integration of the Western anti-tumor the essence, the trace element selenium and medicine Xiancao "fungus spores on" organic combination of the successful production of the anti-tumor products combining Chinese and Western - Se Ganoderma Po.

硒对肿瘤细胞的作用主要表现为：硒是肿瘤细胞的杀伤剂；硒是肿瘤细胞的能量阻断剂；硒是抗肿瘤药物的药效增强剂。1999年，中国农业科学院的专家们融合中西方抗肿瘤理论精髓，将微量元素硒与中药仙草"灵芝孢子粉"有机地结合在一起，成功研制出了中西结合抗肿瘤产品———富硒灵芝宝。

The method consists of tree steps: enhancement, contour segmentation, and feature selection. In this study, our method is able to enhance the signals from masses and extract the useful contour feature from the segmented regions. The ruler method of fractal dimension computed for each case was used to form a contour feature. These feature measures can be input to a classifier based on sorting. The experimental results show that our scheme can provide useful contour extraction for spiculation structures in mammographic images.

我们的研究目的是在乳房的X光影像中选取肿瘤怀疑的区域，分成三步骤，影像前处理、轮廓分割、特徵选取，找出具有星状物轮廓的肿瘤，我们的方法首先强化肿瘤组织，接著有效分割出肿瘤的轮廓，最后利用规则式的碎形维度计算其轮廓特徵值，接著排序分出肿瘤轮廓类别，实验结果证明我们的方法可有效侦测出星状物肿瘤轮廓及其特徵。

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common gland tumor of parotid origin, accounting for 60 to 70%. This kind of tumor usually presents as a slow-growing painless mass anteroinferior to the ear. The diagnosis is based on physical examination, image studying and even fine needle aspiration biopsy. The optimal method of treatment of such tumors is local excision or paroidectomy in which the entire capsule is totally dissected off but the facial nerve is spared. Diagnosis and treatment planning are focused on preventing tumor recurrence and consequent malignant transformation.

腮腺之多形性腺瘤乃是唾液腺最常见的肿瘤，约占所有唾液腺良性肿瘤的百分之六十至七十，这类的肿瘤在临床上的表现常是耳下缓慢增生的无痛性肿块，临床上诊断的依据必须配合临床检查、电脑断层扫描、磁振造影及细针抽取切片的病理检查方可得知，其治疗方式主要是对肿瘤进行局部切除手术或腮腺的切除手术，手术中颜面神经需小心保留，但须将肿瘤的外膜部分切除乾净，诊断及治疗计画著重在预防肿瘤复发及肿瘤产生恶性转变。

Based on these previous work, in this research, in order to explore the the molecular mechanism of enhanced tumor cell immunogenicity treated by elemene and mytomycin C compositely, we used murine Hca-F ascitic hepatic carcinoma ( high lymphatic metastasis substrain of H22) as an experimental model to compare the immunoprotective effects on Hca-F cells as well as the mechanism of the effects caused by HSP70-peptide complex purified from untreated tumor cells, EC-TCV and BCG; We studied the mechanism of increased tumor cell membrane HSP expression treated with elemene by the techniques of RT-PCR and immunoelectron microscopy; In order to deeply elucidate the antitumor effects and the molecular mechanism of elemene in increasing tumor cell immunogenicity we analyzed and compared the effects of elemene and heat shock on the gene expressions of tumor cell using gene expression profile chip.

本论文在上述研究成果的基础上，选择小鼠肝癌H22的高淋巴道转移亚系Hca-F为模型，进一步比较了未处理肿瘤细胞来源、榄香烯复合瘤苗来源的和卡介苗来源的HSP70-肽复合物对Hca-F的免疫保护效应、效应机制，探讨榄香烯-丝裂霉素复合处理增强肿瘤细胞免疫原性的分子机制；以Hca-F和人肝癌细胞株HepG〓等为模型研究了榄香烯处理增强肿瘤细胞膜热休克蛋白表达的机制；以HepG〓为模型用表达谱基因芯片研究比较了榄香烯与热休克处理对肿瘤细胞基因表达的影响，从而进一步阐明榄香烯抗肿瘤作用及增强肿瘤细胞免疫原性的分子机制。

Results MRI appearances of acoustic neuromas were:（1）The turmor's growth round the internal auditory canal,the Ⅶ,Ⅷ nerves affected side were thickened than that of opposite side.There was no marked demarcation between the main bodies of the tumors and the affected nerves.The connection between tumors and affected nerves could be showed at contrast enhanced imaging.（2）The tumors were of hypo or isohypo intensity on T1 weighted images and hyper or iso hyper intensity on T2 weighted images.（3）After Gd DTPA administration the tumors were homogeneously or inhomogeneously or circularly enhanced.（4）The margins of the tumors were smooth and well delineated.（5）The affected internal auditory canal usually became shorter in depth and larger in posterior anterior diameter.（6）MRI appearances of micro acoustic neuromas were that the affected Ⅶ,Ⅷ nerves were normal in size or nodularly thickened and the tumor reveaed nodular or point enhancement at contrast enhanced MRI.

结果 听神经瘤的MRI表现主要为：（1）肿瘤以内听道为中心生长，第Ⅶ、Ⅷ神经束较对侧增粗，与肿瘤主体多无明确分界，增强后可见两者相连，颇为特征；（2）肿瘤在T1加权图像上呈低信号、略低信号或低等混合信号，T2加权呈高信号或高等混合信号；（3）注射Gd DTPA后肿瘤呈均匀、不均匀或环状强化；（4）肿瘤边界清晰，边缘光整；（5）绝大多数肿瘤患侧内听道前后径扩大，深径缩短；（6）微小听神经瘤的MRI表现为第Ⅶ、Ⅷ神经束正常或局部结状增粗，造影后呈结节状或点状增强。

Twelve tumors were solid and three contained cystic components. Nine were inhomogeneously hypoechoic. Two were homogeneously hypoechoic. Two were inhomogeneously isoechoic. Two were homogeneously isoechoic. Two contained microcalcification. One with acoustic shadowing. Twelve were well-defined and three were ill-defined. Fourteen were regular and one was irregular. Four had acoustic halo. Six were ecstatic. Nine were not ecstatic. Thirteen were examined with color Doppler ultrasound. Nine had abundent branched blood flow within the tumor and ring blood flow around. Two had short linear blood flow within the tumor and ring flow around.

不均质低回声9个，均匀低回声2个，不均质中等回声2个，均匀中等回声2个。2个肿瘤内见细小钙化斑，1个伴声衰减。12个肿瘤边界清，3个边界欠清。14个肿瘤形态规则，1个形态不规则。4个肿瘤伴&晕环征&。6个肿瘤有膨胀感，9个肿瘤无明显膨胀感。13个肿瘤行彩色超声检查，9个内部见丰富分枝状血流，周边见环状血流，2个内部见短线状血流，周边环状，仅2个内部无彩色血流，周边见点状彩色血流。

Research progress of anti-tumor mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2（G-Rh2） extracted from ginseng was expounded,and the anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of G-Rh2 were discussed on regula-ting signal access system of tumor cells,reversing abnormal differentiation and tolerance of tumor cells,reducing telomerase activity of tumor cells,strengthening immunological ability,improving anti-tumor ability ,and interdicting synthesis and metabolism of tumor cellular important components etc.

论述了从人参中提取的有效成分人参皂苷-Rh2（G-Rh2）的抗肿瘤机理的研究进展，并探讨了G-Rh2在调节肿瘤细胞信号通路系统、逆转肿瘤细胞的异常分化与耐药性、降低肿瘤细胞端粒酶活性、增强机体免疫力、提高抗肿瘤能力以及阻断肿瘤细胞某些重要成分的合成与代谢等方面的抗肿瘤活性及其作用机理。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。