肾石

There were no blood transfusion or serious complication in the study.Conclusions:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation,such as adrenalectomy,nephropexy,pelvioplasty,unroofing of renal cyst,pelvilithotomy,ureterdithotomy and spermatic vein ligation,have the advantages of minimai invasion,less blood loss and fewer complications,which is an effective and practical procedure.

后腹腔镜肾上腺瘤切除术、肾固定术、肾盂成形术、肾囊肿去顶术、肾盂或输尿管切开取石术及腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少等优点，临床疗效可靠，实用性较强。

Objective To discuss the necessity for routine placement of nephrostomy tube after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi.

导读：目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术后常规放置肾造瘘管的必要性。

No nephrostomy tube was placed at the conclusion of the procedure and no second-stage MPCNL was required.

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术后常规放置肾造瘘管的必要性。

Results Out of the4527paˉtients treated by ESWL,stones were excreted completely from4512patients within2weeks;12patients who had comˉplication of the urethra stone street were cured by transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through uretercystoscope;stones weretaken out by operation from the other3patients,from whom the excretion of stones was not possible.

结果 经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人中，4512例在2周内排尽结石，12例并发输尿管&石街&，加用经皮肾穿刺造瘘和输尿管镜取石治疗，3例中转手术治疗。

Results Out of the4527paˉtients treated by ESWL,stones were excreted completely from4512patients within2weeks;12patients who had comˉplication of the urethra stone street were cured by transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through uretercystoscope;stones weretaken out by operation from the other3patients,from whom the excretion of stones was not possible.

目的 探讨ESWL治疗泌尿系结石的效果。方法回顾性分析经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人。结果经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人中，4512例在2周内排尽结石，12例并发输尿管&石街&，加用经皮肾穿刺造瘘和输尿管镜取石治疗，3例中转手术治疗。

The complicated ureter stone-streets were cured by trascutaˉneous nephrocentesis and nephrostomy through ureterocystoscope,haemostatic and antibiotic.The12patients hadn't variation of nephrofunction and recurrence of stone for following3-24months.

经皮肾穿刺造瘘术和输尿管镜取石，止血，抗炎等治疗后，排尽石头，随访3 月～2年未见肾功能改变和结石复发。

Methods The diagnosis was obtained by using ultrasound, KUB, CT and cystoscopy retrograde urography. Obstruction was relieved by treatment with ESWL, one or bilateral ureterolithotomy, pyelolithotomy, ureterocatheterization or pyelostomy.

通过B超、KUB、CT膀胱镜逆行插管检查明确诊断，通过ESWL一侧或双侧输尿管切开取石，肾盂切开取石，输尿管内置双J管或肾造瘘等方法治疗解除梗阻。

objective: to investigate the value of minimally invasive perctaneous nephrolithotony in upper ureteric calculi.

目的：探讨经皮肾微造瘘输尿管肾镜取石术在输尿管上段结石的应用价值。

The complicated ureter stone-streets were cured by trascutaˉneous nephrocentesis and nephrostomy through ureterocystoscope,haemostatic and antibiotic.The12patients hadn't variation of nephrofunction and recurrence of stone for following3-24months.

经皮肾穿刺造瘘术和输尿管镜取石，止血，抗炎等治疗后，排尽石头，随访3个月～2年未见肾功能改变和结石复发。

The low expression reductase in the calcium oxalate urolithic patientsmay play an important role by vitamin K circle in the formation of calcium oxalateurolithiasis.

结论草酸钙尿石症患者肾组织内VKORC1表达降低在草酸钙尿石形成中有重要作用，并可能通过维生素K循环作用于VKDC而发挥机制。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。